课堂笔记（一）
1)When a light passenger plane flew off course some time ago
flow off course,飞离航线。
off 表示“偏离”，为介词：
Our office is off the main street.
我们的办公室不靠大街。
During the storm, the ship went off course.
在暴风雨中，船驶离了航线。
some time ago不久前
long time ago很久前
2)crash v.使某物猛撞，撞毁
crash (sth) into (sth)
He crashed his car into the wall.
他把汽车撞到墙上
crash out 在临时床铺上睡觉
Do you mind if I crash out on your floor tonight？
你介意我今晚在你家打地铺吗？
a crashing bore讨厌鬼
crash barrier防护栅栏
n.(常用于单数）坠落声，撞击声，破裂声The tree fell with a great crash那棵树哗啦一声倒了。
3）her two baby daughters 她的两个女婴。
baby 在这里是形容词，指“幼小的”。
a baby boy/girl男婴/女婴
be one's baby归某人管的事物
It's your baby,you must deal with it.这是你干的应该由你来处理
4）unhurt不受伤
unlock(不锁门）
unreliable（不可靠）
unambitious（胸无大志）
unfair（不公平的）
5）Snow lay thick on the ground
地上积着厚厚的雪。
lie 表示“处于某种状态”时，后面常跟形容词或分词：
When I saw her yesterday, she lay ill in bed.
昨天我见到她时，她正卧病在床。
I'd rather use my money than leave it lying in the bank.我宁可把钱花了也不想存在银行
lie说谎
She lies about her age她谎抱年龄
He is lying他在说谎
lying smile假笑（不可信，给人以假象）
lie in one's teeth/throat撒弥天大谎/睁着眼睛说瞎话
lie vi.平躺
Don't lie in bed all morning不要整天都躺在床上。
lie on one's back(side/front)仰卧，侧卧，俯卧
与lay区别（laid）放置 vt.
lay a book on the table把书放在桌上
lay eggs产蛋
lay外行的 lay opinion外行的意见
speaking as a lay person 说外行话
layman门外汉
6）turn into
turn sb/sth （from A）to/into B
The witch turned the prince into a frog.
女巫把王子变成了青蛙。
turn away 走开；把脸转过去
turn one's back on 不理睬
turn out 生产；驱逐；翻转
turn on 开，旋开(电灯等)
turn off 关(水源等)；拐弯
turn into 进入；使变成，使成为
turn in 转身进入；拐入；交出；上床睡觉
turn down 关小，调低；拒绝
turn sb's blood cold 使毛骨悚然
turn against 对…采取敌对态度
by turns 轮流，交替
take turns 依次，轮流
on the turn 正在转变中
turn back (使)折回；(使)往回走
turn around/round 转变，(使)转好
in turn 依次，轮流；转而，反过来
turn up 出现；找到；证明是，调高音量
turn to 变成；求助于；着手；查阅
turn over (机器等)运转；翻过来；仔细考虑
7）The woman kept as near as she could to the children
这位妇女尽可能地靠近孩子
as...as one/could和as...as possible同义，都表示尽可能......
eg.Please come to see me as soon as you can 请你尽快来见我。
I promised to get there as early as I could．＝I promised to get there as ear－ly as possible．我保证尽可能早的到那儿
8）表示感觉和心理状态的动词，如hear,feel,find,listen to,look at,watch,notice,observe,smell see等词的宾语可以用现在分词作宾语补足语。
分清过去分词作补语与现在分词作补语的区别。一般说来，过去分词作补语表示“被动”和“完成”的意义；现在分词作补语表示“主动”和“进行”的意义。
I found the young trees watered．我发现这些小树已经浇过水了。
I found them watering young trees．我发现他们正在给小树浇水。
9）She stamped out the letters‘SoS’ in the snow.她在雪地上踩出了\"SOS\"这3 个字母。
stamp跺
He stamped(his foot)in anger.他气得直跺脚。
迈着很重的脚步走
Don't stamp, you'll wake everyone up 脚步别那么重，你会吵醒大家的。
stamp out of a room迈着沉重的脚步走出房间
盖章
They didn't stamp my passport.
他们没在我护照上盖章
stamp A(on B) or stamp B(with A)
stamp one's name and address on an envelope/stamp an envelope with one's name and address
把自己的姓名地址盖在信封上。
stamp sth(on sb/sth)比喻意义，使某事物铭记或牢固附着
The date is stamped on her memory forever.那个日子她永远铭记。
stamp sth.off跺掉某物
They stamped the mud off their shoes.他们跺掉鞋子上的泥
stamp on sth 踩死
stamp on a spider踩死一只蜘蛛
n. stamp邮票，印章
stamp album集邮簿
out 在这里为副词，表示“出现”、“显露”等：
The writer has brought out another book.
这位作家又出版了一本书。
He wrote out a long list of all the foods which were forbidden.
他开列一张长长的单子，上面列了所有禁吃的食物。
10）It was not long before a helicopter arrived on the scene to rescue the survivors of the plane crash.
（1）to 引导的不定式为目的状语。
（2）It was not long before固定句型，为不久就...（也可以用 It will not be long before表示将来可能发生的事）其含义与before long（不久）相近，只是before 在课文这个句型中是连词，而在before long
中为介词：
It was not long before they learnt the news.
他们不久就知道了这消息。
It will not be long before he gets over his illness.
他大概不久就会痊愈。
11）scene n.
（1）（事件发生的）地点，现场：
the scene of the accident/crime事故/犯罪现场
These things were found at the scene of the murder.
这些是在谋杀现场找到的物品。
（2）场面
The scene in the hospital was very moving.在医院的那一场面十分感人。
（3）风景，景色；景象：
A beautiful scene always makes me delighted.
美丽的景色总使我高兴。
I have just seen a sad scene.
我刚见到一个悲惨的景象。
behind the scenes秘密地，在幕后
Their decisions were made behind the scenes他们是秘密做决定的
on the scene在场
Reporters were soon on the scene after the accident.事故之后记者很快就赶到现场。
词汇学习 Word study
1．可以表示“变成”的一些动词
grow, turn, go, get, come, fall 等动词均有“变成”的意思，但它们在用
法上有时有差别。
（1）grow 表示“（逐渐）变得”，比get 要正式些：系动词grow后面可以接表示人或物的特征的静态形容词作表语，也可以接表示天气的形容词作表语。它侧重于“逐渐变成某种状态”。强调过程
He has grown fat.
他长胖了。
He has grown to like studying mathematics.
他渐渐喜欢学数学了。
It was growing hot.
天渐渐热了起来。
（2）turn 表示“把（状态、性质）改变（成）...”或“使变颜色”系动词turn后面多接表示颜色的形容词作表语，也可以接表示天气的形容词作表语。意思上侧重于“变得与以前完全不同”。
等：
Leaves will turn yellow in autumn.
秋天时树叶将会变黄。
The weather suddenly turned much colder.
天气突然变得冷多了。
A colony of be had turned the engine into a hive
一群蜜蜂把发动机变成了蜂房。
（3）go 表示“变成（某种状态）”，通常表示不好的变化：go+形容词”多表示“(从好的状态)变成坏的状态”。
Big Ben has rarely gone wrong.
“大本”钟很少出差错。
Some foods go bad easily.
有些食品容易变质。
milk goes off(英国英语)or sour牛奶变味或变酸
系动词go后面的表语为mad，crazy，blind，lame或表示颜色的形容词时，go前面的主语一般为人。
e.g.(1)He went mad last year.
去年他疯了。
(2)Hearing this，she went red.
听到这个，她脸红了。
（4）get 在口语中使用较多，表示“成为（某种状态）”：get强调变的结果
Things got so bad recently that he decided to go on a diet.
近来情况变得如此糟糕，以致他决定节食。
It's getting warmer and warmer.
天气越来越暖和了。
He got angry with his son.他生他儿子的气
（5）come 可以表示“变成”、“成为”、“达到”等，与true 连用
时表示“实现”：
Her dream to swim across the channel has come true.
她横渡海峡的梦想实现了。
（6）fall 也可以表示“变成...的状态”：
You fell asleep while I was talking to you.
我和你说话时，你就睡着了。
He fell ill last week, so he didn't come to your wedding.
上星期他病了，所以没来参加你们的婚礼。
注意一些固定搭配：come true, fall asleep, fall ill, go bad, come right,come lose