语法精讲
一、一般疑问句和特殊疑问句
(1)一般疑问句有两种，一种是由be动词引导的疑问句，另一种是由助动词或情态动词引导的疑问句，本单元主要讲前一种。
动词be的一般疑问句的构成是在肯定句的基础上，将动词be(am, is, are)移至主语之前，这时动词be已在句首，第一字母应变为大写，句末用问号。
肯定句变疑问句的方法可以用口诀“一调二变三问号”来帮助同学们记忆。 “一调”是把be提至主语前；
“二变”是原主语的大写改小写和人称的改变，1变2、2变1、3自身，即：第一人称变为第二人称，第二人称变为第一人称，第三人称不变；
“三问号”是句末用问号，用升调读。对一般疑问句的回答分为肯定和否定回答：作肯定回答先说Yes, 再作简单叙述，作否定回答先说No, 再作简单的补充回答。如： ①I’m Li Ming. 我是李明。
Are you Li Ming? 你是李明吗？ Yes, I am. 是的，我是。 ②You are twelve. 你12岁。
Are you twelve? 你是12岁吗？
No, I’m not twelve. I’m eleven. 不，我不是12岁，我11岁。 ③It’s Polly. 它是波利。 Is it Polly? 它是波利吗？
④She is an English teacher. 她是英语老师。 Is she an English teacher? 她是英语老师吗？ Yes, she is. 是的，她是。 No, she isn’t. 不，她不是。 (2)特殊疑问句的构成及其回答：特殊疑问句是由疑问词what, where, how, how old来引导的。其结构是疑问词＋be/助动词/情态动词＋主语，回答时要根据所问的情况回答，不能用Yes或No。如：
①What’s this? 这是什么？
It’s a computer. 这是一台计算机。 ②What’s that? 那是什么？ It’s a TV. 那是一台电视。
二、 Is this your pencil-box? 这是你的铅笔盒吗？
⑴this这个，that那个，these这些，those那些
①指示代词this，these，that，those在句中的用法相当于名词和形容词，可作主语、表语、
宾语和定语。例如：
That is a good idea. 那是个好主意。(作主语)
How do you like these？你觉得这些什么样？（作宾语） These trousers are Jim's. 这些裤子是吉姆的。（作定语）
②this和these一般用来指在时间或空间上较近的事物或人，that和those则指时间和空间上较远的事物或人。例如：
This is a pen and that is a pencil. 这是钢笔，那是铅笔。
We got up very early that day. 那天我们起床很早。
③有时that和those指前面讲到过的事物，this 和these则下面将要讲到的事物。例如： I had a cold . That's why I didn't come. 我感冒了，所以没有来。
三、 人称代词和物主代词
人称代词是我们经常用作主语的代词。（即：I, we, you, he, she, it, they）。表示所有关系的
代词叫物主代词。人称代词分为主格和宾格。主格作主语，宾格作宾语。物主代词分为形容词性和名词性。形容词性物主代词就是在句中能作定语，修饰一个名词的代词，使用时一般放在被修饰名词的前面。 人称代词和物主代词表
人称代词主格： I you he she it we you they
人称代词宾格： me you him her it us you them
形容词性物主代词： my your his her its our your their 例如： my bike 我的自行车 my good friend 我的好朋友 our school bags 我们的书包
your old Chinese teacher 你（你们）以前的语文老师 his / her / its name 他/她/它的名字
his / her two English books 他/她的两本英语书 their nice pictures 他们的漂亮的画
I、词汇
A) 用正确的物主代词填空
11. I am is class 2. Look , this is _______class. 12. Wang Hong , this is ______bag. Here you are. 13. The boy is my friend .______name is Tom. 14. This is a bird . _______ name is Polly. 15. The girl is Lucy .Put _____ bag on the desk. B) 用am、is、are填空
16. Excuse me ! ______ this your eraser ? 17. What _______those? ________they birds? 18. This _____ his ruler .Where _____ my ruler?
19. I ________ in Class Three. ______you in Class Three , too? 20. ________ these her English books?
21. Those _______ their apples. Where _____ his apples? 22. She ______ eleven .How old _______ that boy?
23. He _____ my friend . _______ your friend a boy or a girl? 24. ______ those maps ? No , they _____ not .They ______ pictures. 25. These _______ your bananas . Here you ______ .
代词的用法
代词是代替名词、形容词和数词的词。按其意义、特征及其在句中的作用分为：人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词、相互代词、疑问代词、不定代词和关系代词等。 【考点 】
1. 人称代词主格、宾格形式及其主要用法；
2. 名词性物主代词与形容词性物主代词的形式、区别及其主要用法； 3. 指示代词的一般用法，并了解其在上下文中的指代用法；
人称代词的用法
1、 人称代词的主格在句子中作主语或主语补语。一般在句首，动词前。
例如：John waited a while but at last he went home.
约翰等了一会儿，最后他回家了。
John hoped the passenger would be Mary and indeed it was she. 约翰希望那位乘客是玛丽，还真是她。
说明：在复合句中，如果主句和从句主语相同，代词主语要用在从句中，名词主语用在主句中。在电话用语中常用主格。
例如：When he arrived, John went straight to the bank.
约翰一到就直接去银行了。 I wish to speak to Mary. This is she. 我想和玛丽通话，我就是玛丽。
2、 人称代词的宾格在句中作宾语或表语，在动词或介词后。
例如：Do you know him？(作宾语) 你认识他吗？
Who is knocking at the door？It’s me. (作表语) 是谁在敲门？是我。
说明：单独使用的人称代词通常用宾格，即使它代表主语时也是如此。 例如： I like English. Me too.
我喜欢英语。我也喜欢。
3、 人称代词并列时的排列顺序
1） 单数人称代词并列作主语时，其顺序为：
第二人称→第三人称→第一人称
即you and I he/she/it and I you, he/she/it and I
顺口溜：第一人称最谦虚，但若错误责任担，第一人称学当先。 例如：It was I and John that made her angry. 2） 复数人称代词作主语时，其顺序为：
第一人称→第二人称→第三人称
即we and you you and they we, you and they
物主代词的用法
1、 物主代词实际上是人称代词的所有格形式。根据其句法作用，物主代词可以分为形容词性和名词性两种。形容词性物主代词一定要后接名词，不可单独使用(如：This is my book. 这是我的书)名词性物主代词可以使用，无需后接名词(如：This book is mine. 这本书是我的)。
2、 名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词
例如：Our teacher is coming to see us. This is her pencil-box.
My name is Jim. 形容词性物主代词
Excuse me, is this your car? His parents are in England. They wash their faces every day. May I use your pen? Yours works better.
I love my motherland as much as you love yours. 名词性物主代词 The life I have is yours. 巩固训练
1.用所给代词的正确形式填空。
1. These are ______ ( he ) brothers.2. That is _______( she ) sister. 3. Lily is _______ ( Lucy ) sister.4. Tom, this is _____ ( me ) cousin, Mary. 5. Now _____________(her parent) are in America. 6. Those __________ ( child ) are _____ ( I ) father’s students. 7. Do you know ______ ( it ) name? 8. Mike and Tom __________ ( be ) friends. 9. Thanks for helping ________( I ).
10. ______(Ann安)mother is ______(we) teacher.
2. 填入正确的人称代词和物主代词
1. This isn’t________knife. _________ is green. ( she )
2. These are your books，Kate. Put __________ in the desk，please. (they ) 3. _______ must look after ________ things. ( you ) 4. Wei Fang，is that ________ ruler? Yes，it’s.( you )
5. They want a football. Give __________ the green one，please. ( they) 6. It’s Lin Tao’s bag. Give it to __________. ( he )
7. Is this pencil-box Li Lei’s? No，___________ is very new. ( he ) 8. This box is too heavy. I can’t carry _________. ( it ) Don’t worry，Let __________( I ) help __________. ( you)
9. _____ is a boy _____ name is Mike. Mike’s friends like _____ very much. ( he ) 10. My sister is in _____ room. _____ is a teacher. ( she )
11. Jane is a little girl. _____ mother is a nurse. ( she ) 12. We are in _____ classroom. _____ classroom is big. ( we) 13. My father and mother are teachers. _____ are busy ( them) 3..补全对话
A: Whose bike is it ? Is it______(your/yours)?
B: No, it’s not______.(my/mine) _______is red. But this bike is blue . A: Is it Jane’s ?
B: Sorry, I don’t know. Maybe it’s_______(her/hers). A: Jane, is this______ bike ?(your/yours)
B: No, it’s not______.(my/mine) You can ask Bill(男人名). Maybe it’s________.(him/his) A: Bill, is this bike_______ ?
B: Oh, yes, it’s_______ bike. Thank you very much! 三. 指示代词
指示代词包括：this，that，these，those。
1. this和these一般用来指在时间或空间上较近的事物或人，that和those 则指时间和空间上较远的事物或人，例如： This is a pen and that is a pencil． We are busy these days．
In those days the workers had a hard time．
2. 有时that和those指前面讲到过的事物，this 和these则是指下面将要讲 到的事物，例如：
I had a cold. That's why I didn't come.
What I want to say is this ; pronunciation is very important in learning English． 3. 有时为了避免重复提到的名词，常可用that或those代替，例如： Television sets made in Beijing are just as good as those made in Shanghai． 4. this 在电话用语中代表自己，that 则代表对方。例如： Hello! This is Mary. Is that Jack speaking? 巩固训练 （一）改错
1 This is his cousins . ___________
2.---Are those your erasers? -----Yes, those are ____________ 3.Is these your photos ? ___________ (二)按要求完成句子，一空一词。
1.This is my book(改为复数句)
______ _______ _______ _______. 2.Are these your brothers ?（作否定回答） ______ , _______ ______.
3.Those are her friends （改为单数句) ______ _______ _______ _______. 4. This is my father and this is my mother.（同义句） ________ _________ my __________.
5.Is this your brother?(否定回答) No, ________ __________.