一．定义：在复合句中用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。 二．语序
无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句，宾语从句都必须使用陈述语序，即“主句＋连词＋宾语从句（主语＋谓语＋„„）”句式。根据连接词在从句中所担任的不同成分，可分为以下四种： 1）连接词＋谓语。连接词在从句中作主语。常见的连接词有： who，what，which等。如： Could you tell me who knows the answer，please？
The small children don't know what is in their stockings．
2）连接词＋名词＋谓语。连接词在从句中作主语的定语。常见的连接词有：whose，what，which，how many，how much等。如：
He asked whose handwriting was the best in our class．
The teacher asked us how many people there were in the room． 3）连接词＋主语＋谓语。连接词在从句中作宾语、状语或表语。常见的连接词有：who（m），what，which，how many，how much， when，why，how，where，if ／whether（在句中不充当任何成分）等。如：
He hasn't decided if he'll go on a trip to Wuxi．
Could you tell me what I should do with the money ？
4）连接词＋名词＋主语＋谓语。连接词在从句中作宾语或表语的定语。常见的连接词有：what，which，how many，how much，how等。如： Do you know which class he is in ？
She asked me if I knew whose pen it was．
随堂小练：
1. Please tell me ______what last year.
A. where does your sister work B where did your sister work C where your sister works D where your sister worked 2. She asked me if I knew ______.
A. whose pen is it B. whose pen it was C. whose pen it is D. whose pen was it 3. You must remember ________.
A. what your mother said B. what did your mother say C. your mother said what D. what has your mother said 4. Did you know ____.
A. who he was looking after B. who was he looking for C. who he is looking for D. who he is looking after 5. Could you tell me ___.
A. when will they leave Beijing B. when would they leave Beijing C. when they will leave Beijing D. when did they leave Beijing 6. —Do you know _____ I'm going to see him. —Sorry, I don't know.
A. where does Mr. Li live B. where did Mr. Li live C. where Mr. Li lives D. where Mr. Li lived
三．连接词
1）当由陈述句充当宾语从句时，用that引导，that无词义，在口语或非正式文体中常省略。如：
He said that he could finish his work before supper．
随堂小练：
1. I hear (that) _______________________. （一小时后他会回来） 2. He said (that) ______________________. （他非常想念我们）
3. The teacher said (that) ___________________________. （她从没有去过广州）
2）当由一般疑问句充当宾语从句时，用if或whether引导，意为“是否”。如： I don't know if ／whether he still lives here after so many years．
但在下列情况下只能用whether：
①在具有选择意义，又有or或or not时，尤其是直接与or not连用时，往往用whether（if„or not也可以使用）。如：
Let me know whether ／if he will come or not．（＝Let me know whether or not he will come） I don't know whether ／if he does any washing or not．（＝I don't know whether or not he does any washing．） I wonder whether we stay or whether we go． ②在介词之后用whether。如：
I'm interested in whether he likes English． I worry about whether I hurt her feelings． ③在不定式前用whether。如：
He hasn't decided whether to visit the old man． I don't know whether to go．
He hasn't decided whether to go by bus or by train． ④whether置于句首时，不能换用if。如： Whether this is true or not，I can't say．
⑤引导主语从句和表语从句时宜用whether。如： Whether she will come or not is still a question． The question is whether we can catch the bus． ⑥若用if会引起歧义时，则用whether。如：
Please let me know if you like the book．可理解为： a．Please let me know whether you like the book． b．If you like the book，please let me know．
随堂小练：
1. I want to know __________________________________.（他是否跟我们一起去公园） 2. Ask him _______________________________________. （他是否能来） 3. I don’t know ____________________________________.（是否要下雨）
3）如果宾语从句原来是特殊疑问句，只需用原来的特殊疑问词引导。如： Could you tell me why you were late for the meeting this morning？ Father asked me where I had put my book.
随堂小练：
1. He asked_______________________________. (谁能回答这个问题） 2. Do you know ___________________________? （哪一个比较小） 3. Can you tell me _________________________?（他在哪儿）
4. Could you tell me ________________________?（我该怎么去车站）
4）祈使句变宾语从句：to do （不定式结构）。如：
The teacher told us not to play in the street.
The teacher told (ordered, asked) Tom to clean the classroom.
四．时态的呼应
含宾语从句的复合句，主、从句谓语动词的时态呼应应包括以下三点内容：
1）如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时，从句的谓语动词可根据需要，选用相应的任何时态。如：
I don't know when he will come back．
He tells me that his sister came back yesterday．
2）如果主句的谓语动词是过去时，宾语从句的谓语动词只可根据需要，选用过去时态即一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时或过去完成时的某一种形式。所谓过去的某个时态指的是如下的变化 一般现在时态 一般过去时态 现在进行时态 过去进行时态(was/were doing) 现在完成时态 过去完成时态（had +过去分词） 一般将来时态 过去将来时态（would do;was/were going to do） 如：
①The children didn't know who he was． ②He asked his father how it happened．
3）如果宾语从句所表示的是客观事实、普遍真理、自然现象或习惯性动作等，不管主句用什么时态，从句时态都用一般现在时。如： The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun． He said light travels much faster than sound.
Our teacher said that January is the first month of the year.
随堂小练：
用所给词的适当形式填空
(1) He says that he _________ (read) now .
(2) Can you tell me if they _________ (finish) the work already ?. (3) Dou you know where John ________(go) yesterday? (4) My sister told me she _________ (be) free tomorrow. (5) I wanted to know if you __________(like) the movie. (6) Linda said the moon___ (travel)round the earth.
(7) Could you tell me if there __________(be) a hospital near here?
五．注意：
if和when既可以引导宾语从句，也可以引导状语从句，应注意它们在两种从句中的意思和用法的不同。if和when引导宾语从句时，分别意为“是否”和“何时”，其时态应和主句时态相呼应；它们引导状语从句时，意思分别为“如果，假如”和“当„„时候”，当主句时态是一般将来时时，其时态用一般现在时。它们常常放在含有状语从句和宾语从句的题干中进行综合考查。如：
—Do you know when he will come back tomorrow ？你知道他明天什么时候回来吗？
—Sorry，I don't know．When he comes back，I'll tell you．对不起，不知道。当他回来了，我将告诉你。
—I don't know if he will come．我不知道他是否会来。 —He will come if it doesn't rain．如果不下雨，他会来的。
综合练习
一 . 填空.
(1) These flowers are from Guangdong. He said.
He said _______ these flowers _______ from Guangdong. (2) Light travels faster than sound. My teacher told me.
My teacher told me _____ light _______ faster than sound. (3) There will be a meeting in five days. Jack didn’t know.
Jack didn’t know ______ there ______ ____ a meeting in five days. (4) Can they speak French? I want to know.
I want to know ______ _______ _______ _______ French. (5) Are the children playing games? Tell me.
Tell me ______ the children ______ ______ games.
(6) Have you finished your homework yet? Mr. Zhao asked Ma Chao
Mr. Zhao asked Ma Chao _______ _______ ______ _____ _____ homework yet. (7) How many people can you see in the picture? Who knows?
Who knows _____ _____ ____ ____ _____ ______ in the picture? (8) Where did she park her car? Do you know?
Do you know _____ _____ ____ her car?
(9) What does he often talk about? The girl wondered. The girl wondered _____ _____ often ________ about. (10) Who knocked at the door so loudly? I don’t know.
I don’ t know ____ _______ at the door so loudly.
二：选择题.
1 The girls asked if they ____ some food and drink with them. A. took B. take C. takes D. will take
2 The students want to know whether they___ dictation today. A. had B. has C. will have D. are 3 She asked Linda if___ go and get some.
A. could she B. she could C. she can D. she may 4 She didn't know___ back soon.
A. whether he would be B. if would he be C. he will be 5 I don't know ___ they have passed the exam. A. what B. if C. when D. where
6 I don't know _____ he still lives here after so many years. A. whether B where C. what D. when 7 Can you tell me___ you were born, Betty
A. who B. what C. when D. that 8 I hardly understand. ___ he has told me.
A. that B. what C. which D. who 9 —I don't know _____ Mr. Green will come to see us. —He will help us with our English. A. why B. when C. how D. where 10. —We never know _____ the old man is.
—They say he is a teacher.
A. what B. who C. which D. where
11. The new –designed car is on show now. I wonder____.(2009 河北） A how much it cost B how much did it cost C how much it costs D how much does it cost
12 --- I really hope to keep in touch with Lily. (2009武汉） --- Sorry .I don’t know _____.
A what her name is B what her job is C what her number is D when she left 13 ----Do you know __the man with sun glasses is?
---- I’m not sure. Maybe a reporter. (2009 江西） A. who B. what C. where D. how 14 ---Could you please tell me _____?（ 2009 黄石） --- Go straight along the road, then turn right. You will find it .
A. where the station is B. where is the station C. where the station was D. where was the station
15 ---Can you tell me when____? --- About two weeks ago.（2009 宁夏） A. does he buy the car B. did he buy the car C. he bought the car D. he buys the car
16 ---Can you tell me ____? ---By doing more speaking.（2009 黄冈） A. how I can improve my English B. which way can I choose
C. how do I deal with my English D. what’s wrong with my English 17 She asked _____.(2009 绥化）
A what will they choose B which would they choose C what they would choose
18 I really want to know _____.（2009 兰州）
A what is wrong with my brother B how will he go to Beijing tomorrow C if had he bought that car D where did he go yesterday 19 Miss Green didn’t tell us ____ in 2002, but now she lives in our school. A. where does she live B. where she lives C. where did she live D. where she lived 20 No one can be sure _____ in a million years.
A. what man looks like B. what will man look like C. what man looked like D. what man will look like
附：答案
二：随堂小练： 1-6 D B A A C C
三：1) 1. he will be back in an hour 2. he missed us very much
3. she had never been to Guangzhou
2) 1. If(whether) he will go to the park with us.
2. Whether (if) he can come
3. whether it is going to rain or not 3) 1. how I can get to the station
2. which is the smaller 3. where he is
4. who could answer the question
四：1. is reading 2. have finished 3. went 4. would be liked
5. travels 6. is 综合练习：
一：(1)that, were (2)that, travels (3)if, would be (4)if , they can speak
(5)if, are playing (6)if, she had finished her (7)how many people you can see (8)where she parked (9)what he, talked (10)who knocked
二：1-5: A C B A B 6-10 A C B B A
11-15 C C B A C 16-20 A C A D D
因篇幅问题不能全部显示，请点此查看更多更全内容