第一讲 认读26个字母及书写
一、字母歌
二、认读26字母及它们的音标:
三、教学26个英语字母的书写。
练习读、写26个英语字母。(每排书写三个字母,包含大小写)
四、字母的分类。 1. 元音字母
2. 辅音字母
五、按音素分类
[ ei ]
[ i: ]
[ e ]
[ ai ]
[ ju: ]
[au ]
[ a: ]
六、大写字母的用法。
1.句首词的第一个字母要大写 ______ (he) is a student. 他是一个学生。 2.人名、地名、国家名、某国人等专有名词首字母大写。
Peter彼得 Shanghai上海 China中国 Chinese中国人
3.专有名词的缩写形式每个字母一般都要大写。 CCTV中国电视台 NBA美国男子职业篮球联赛 4.月份、星期第一个字母大写,但季节第一个字母不大写。
Sunday星期天 August八月 spring 春天 winter 冬天、 5.人名前的称呼或头衔的第一个字母要大写。
Mr Smith史密斯先生 Miss Ma马小姐 Dr Wang王博士 6.一些大型节假日的每一个实词的第一个字母大写。
Children’s Day儿童节 National Day国庆节 Christmas圣诞节 7.书名、报刊名大写,其中每一个实词的首字母都要大写。 China Daily《中国日报》 New York Times《纽约时报》 巩固提升
一、填空
英语字母的书写是有规范的:大写字母占______两格。小写字母各有不同,其中:
写在上面两格的有
写在中间的有
写在下面两格
写在三格
二、单项选择
( )1.早晨在校门口遇到同学时,应该怎么样打招呼?
A. How are you? B. Good morning! C. Good evening!
( )2.当别人向你问好时说:How are you? 你应该怎么回应呢?
A. Fine, thank you B. Hello! C. How are you?
( )6. 一Good evening, Eric. 一_________, Cindy.
A. Good morning B. Good afternoon C. Good evening
( ) “Hi, Xiao Ming! Nice to meet you.” “___”
A.Fine, thank you. B.I'm fine, too. C.Nice to meet you, too. D.How are you?
( )8.一Hello! Dale. 一________! Bob.
A.Hi B.Thank you C.I’m fine
三、句子配对
( )1.How do you do? A.Good morning! ( )2.Good morning! B.Thanks. ( )3.Thank you. C.Fine,thank you. ( )4.How are you? D.How do you do? ( )5. Sit down, please. E. You are welcome.
四、写出与所给单词发音相同的字母(大小写)
bee________ sea________ tea_______ are_________ why________ you________ oh_______ eye________ 五、写出下列字母的左邻右舍
______ c ______ _____ f ______ ______ s ______ _____ j ______ ______ u ______ ______ D______ _____ G______ _____L______ ______ W______ ______ R______ 六、画出下列各组字母所含音素相同的一组。
1. Kk Gg Tt Aa Vv 2. Zz Hh Yy Rr Bb 3. Gg Jj Pp Ww Ii 4. Qq Uu Cc Kk Ff 5. Yy Ee Ii Nn Jj
七、判断下列各组字母的排列顺序,正确的画√, 不正确的画×。
1. ABD 2.BGD 3.LEN 4.EHK 5.DEB 6. BGI 7.HIG 8.JKM 9.FGJ 10.CFI 11.CPG 12.UVZ 13.JPQ 14.MNF 15.GOW
课外积累
英文缩略字母及其含义 PRC中华人民共和国 USA美国 UK英国 CIA情报局 UN联合国 AD公元 BC公元前 AM 上午 PM下午 SOS国际呼救信号 HK ID身份证 WC厕所 IQ智商 EQ情商 UFO不明飞行物 PE体育 第二讲 音标
❖ 想一想
这些字你都认识吗? Eg: 非 共 里 红 跳
这些单词你会读吗? Eg: see sheep apple we big “ 不会?不用怕,国际音标都能帮你解答!还在等什么,让我们一起走进 国际音标的世界吧。”
国际音标:英语中的音标就好比语文中的拼音,英语共有48个音标,其中又分为20个元音,28个辅
音,英语中辅音和元音的作用,就相当于汉语中的声母和韵母。音标用来标记英语字母和单词的读音,音标要放在[ ]内或/ /内,免得和字母相混淆。
单元音 清辅音 元音 辅音
( )个 双元音 ( )个 浊辅音
注意---很重要的:1.单元音又分为长元音和短元音。
2.双元音由两个音标结合起来组成。
3.清辅音发音时喉咙不震动,浊辅音发音时喉咙要震动。
你知道吗?字母有26个。字母组合起来形成了单词(单词就好比语文里面的一个个汉字)。每个字
母和单词都有自己的读音。但怎样才能知道单词的读音呢?这就需要学习音标。因为每个字母和单词都有自己的音标(音标就好象语文里的拼音),所以学会了音标,我们就知道每个单词和字母怎么读了。
1.单元音发音和单词举例:
长元音 /ɑ:/ car [kɑ:] 小汽车 father ['fɑ:ðə] 爸爸 短元音 /ʌ/ duck [dʌk] 鸭子 bus [bʌs] 公共汽车 长元音 /ɔ:/ four [fɔ:] 四 morning ['mɔ:niŋ] 早上 短元音 /ɔ/ dog [dɔɡ] 狗 body ['bɔdi] 身体 长元音 /ə:/ purple ['pə:pl] 紫色的 bird [bə:d] 鸟
短元音 /ə/ ruler ['ru:lə] 尺子 eraser [i'reizə] 橡皮 长元音 /i:/ tea [ti:] 茶 meet [mi:t] 遇见;碰见 短元音 /ɪ/ pig [piɡ] 猪 body ['bɔdi] 身体 长元音 /u:/ ruler ['ru:lə] 尺子 two [tu:] 二 短元音 /u/ book [buk] 书 foot [fut] 脚
短元音 /e/ leg [leɡ] 腿 短元音 /æ/ cat [kæt] 猫
2、双元音发音和单词举例: 3、鼻音、边音、半元音发音和单词举例 双元音 /eɪ/ face [feis] 脸 鼻音/m / moon[mu:n] 月亮 双元音 /aɪ/ eye [ai] 眼睛 鼻音/n / nice[naɪs] 美好的 双元音 /ɔɪ/ boy [bɔi] 男孩 鼻音/ŋ / ring[riŋ] 戒指 双元音 /əu/ boat [bəut] 小船 边音/ l/ fail[feil]失败 双元音 /au/ how [hau] 多么;怎么样 半元音/j / yet[jet] 然而 双元音 /ɪə / ear [iə] 耳朵 半元音/ w/ war[wɔ:]战争 双元音 /eə/ bear [bεə] 熊
双元音 /uə/ poor [puə] 穷的
4、清辅音发音和单词举例: 5、浊辅音发音和单词举例:
清辅音 /p/ pen [pen] 钢笔 浊辅音/b/ boy [bɔi] 男孩
清辅音 /t/ cat [kæt] 猫 浊辅音/d/ dog [dɔɡ] 狗 清辅音 /k/ book [buk] 书 浊辅音/g/ get [get] 拿到,得到 清辅音 /f/ foot [fut] 脚 浊辅音/v/ van[væn] 先锋 清辅音 /θ/ mouth ]mauθ] 嘴 浊辅音/ð/ that[ðæt] 那,那个 清辅音 /s/ face [feis] 脸 浊辅音/z/ zoo[zu:] 动物园 清辅音 /ʃ/ short [ʃɔ:t] 短的;矮的 浊辅音/ʒ/ vision['viʒn] 视力 清辅音 /h/ head [hed] 头 浊辅音/r/ room[ru:m]房间
清辅音 /ts/ kites [kaits] 风筝 浊辅音/dz/ hands[hændz] 手(复数) 清辅音 /tʃ/ peach [pi:tʃ] 桃子 浊辅音/dʒ/ job[dʒɔb]工作 清辅音 /tr/ tree [tri:] 树 浊辅音/dr/ drink[driŋk] 喝 集中拼读训练
1.元音+辅音 2.辅音+元音 / æ / + / t / = at / b / + / ai / = buy /i:/ + / t / = eat / d / + / ei / = day / e / + / g / = egg / n / + / əu / = no 3.辅音 + 元音 + 辅音 4.辅音 + 辅音 + 元音 / p / + / I / + / g / = pig / s / + / t / + / eI/ = stay / b / + / aI/ + / k / = bike / f / + / l / + / aI/ = fly / f / + / æ / + / t / =fat / p / + / l / + / eI/ =play 5.辅音 +辅音 + 元音 + 辅音 6.辅音+ 元音+ 辅音+ 辅音 / b /+/ r /+/I/+/dʒ /=bridge / b /+/ e /+/ s /+/ t /=best / k /+/ l /+/ aI /+/ m /=climb / l /+/ a: /+/ s /+/ t /=last / s /+/ k /+/ u: /+/ l /=school / m /+/ I /+/ l /+/ k /=milk 练习
1.写出12个单元音。 2.写出8个双元音。 3.写出28个辅音。 一、选出你所听到音标
1、( ) A、[ i: ] B、[ i ] C、[ ə ] D、[ei ] 2、( ) A、[Λ] B、[ æ ] C、[ a: ] D、[ai ]
3、( ) A、[ ei ] B、[ ai ] C、[ ɔi ] D、[ iə ] 4、( ) A、[ u ] B、[u: ] C、[ ɔ ] D、[ ɔ: ] 5、( ) A、[ iə ] B、[uə ] C、[eə ] D、[əu ] 二、根据你所听到的内容,选择相应的答语。
( )1. A. Good morning! B. How are you? C. I’m fine, thanks. ( )2. A. Good evening! B. Good afternoon! C. Hi!
( )3. A. Bye-bye! B. Hello! C. Morning! ( )4. How do you do? B. Fine. C .Thank you! 三、句子配对
( )1.What’s this in English? A.Good morning!
( )2.Good morning! B.Fine,thank you. ( )3.How are you? C.It’s an orange. ( )4. Spell it, please. D. P-E-N, pen
四、选出你所听到的音标
( )1. A、[siŋ] B、[θiŋ ] C、[ ∫iŋ ] D、[ziŋ ] ( ) 2.A、[mi:] B、[wi:] C、[ni:] D、[ ti: ] ( )3.A、[bif] B、[bif] C、[dif] D、[pif ] ( )4.A、[lait ] B、[nait ] C、[leit ] D、[neit] ( )5.A、[lait] B、[rait] C、[laiv] D、[raiv] 五、选出你所听到音标
( )1. A、[t∫] B、[ ∫] C、[ s ] D、[ z ] ( )2.A、[ m ] B、[ ŋ ] C、[ n ] D、[ l ] ( )3.A、[ l ] B、[ r ] C、[ j ] D、[ n ] ( )4.A、[ u ] B、[ w ] C、[ j ] D、[ v ] ( )5.A、[ s ] B、[ z ] C、[ ts ] D、[ dz ] 六、单项选择
( )1.--- . --- K-E-Y , key.
A .What`s this in English? B. What color is it? C. Spell it , please.
( )2.---Hello, Alice. What’s this in English? ---__________.
A.This is a pen B.It’s a pen C.It’s pen
( )3.It’s ___________ black.It’s ________ black ruler. A.a;/ B./;a C.a;a
( )4. 一What’s this in English? 一It’s ________ orange. A. an B. a C./
( )5.This is___ eye and ___nose
A a, an B. an, an C. an, a D. a, a
( )6.当你想知道对方的名字时,你可以说________
A.How are you? B.What's this? C.What's your name? D. Goodmorning.
( )7.当别人夸奖你英语说得好时,你应该说________
A.No. B.Good. C.Yes. D.Thank you.
( )8.当你在路上碰到熟人时,你应该说________
A.How are you? B.Goodbye. C.Fine, thank you. D.I'm fine.
趣味阅读
如果令A~Z分别等于1~26,那么: 1.Hard working(努力工作) 2.Knowledge(知识) 3.Love(爱情) 4.Luck(好运) 5.Money(金钱) 6.Leadership(领导力) 7.Attitude(态度)
总结:
第三讲 人称代词&BE动词
人称 第一人称 第二人称 数 单数 复数 单数 复数 单数 复数 主格 I we you you he 第三人称 she it they 宾格 me us you you him her it them 形容词性物主代词 my our your your his her its their 名词性 物主代词 mine ours yours yours his hers its theirs 反身代词 myself ourselves yourself yourselves himself herself itself themselves 一、定义:1. 人称代词是用来指代人、动物或事物的代词.
2. 人称代词分主格和宾格。
3.形容词性物主代词是物主代词的一种(另一种为人称代词),置于名词前,起修饰作用,表示某人的。
4.名词性物主代词常用来代替前面已经提及的代词,相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”
5.反身代词与它所指代的名词或代词形成互指关系,在人称、性质、数上保持一致。表示某人自己,比
如:我自己、你自己、他自己、我们自己……等。 习题巩固
一、用适当的人称代词填空:
1. __________ is my aunt. We often visit(拜访) __________. (她)
2. am a teacher. My students like . (我) 3. are students. I teach English. 9(你) 4._______(他们) are listening to the radio.
5.This is _______(我的) book. That is__________(他的) 6.My book is blue. _________(you) is red. 7.This is not my shirt. It’s _______(he) 8.My ruler is long. ________ ( you ) is short. 9.Can you help _________?(I)
10. is a boy name is Mike.(he) 11.Are these ________(you)pencils? Yes, they are ________(our). 12.—Whose is this pencil?—It’s ________(I)
二、be动词,为连系动词,词义是\"是\",句型为\"主+系+表\"结构。 am is are (现在) was were (过去) 1. be 动词用法歌:
我用 am,你用 are,is 连接他,她,它。所有复数名词都用 are,单数用is。
变疑问,往前提,句末问号莫丢弃。变否定,更容易,be 后 not 莫忘记。疑问否定任你变,句首大写莫迟疑。 2.be 动词与人称代词的缩写:
I am = I’m he is= he’s she is =she’s it is =it’s we are =we’re you are =you’re they are=they’re 3.含有Be 动词的否定句:
只需在be(am, is, are,was, were)后面加上not 就行。但要注意缩写形式。 am与not 一起时不缩写;is 与not 缩写为isn’t , are not 缩写为aren’t 4. 含有Be 动词的一般疑问句:
把be动词提到句子开头就行,第一人称改为第二人称,句末用问号。 即学即练
一、根据所给形式写出缩写形式或者扩写形式。
I’m________ he is________ is not________ aren’t__________ she’s_________ we are_________ they’re__________ it’s___________ are not_______________ 二、用适当的be动词填空
1.I ______ a boy. _______ you a boy? 2.The girl _______ Jack’s sister. 3.Mike and Jane _______ at school.
4.They _______ good friends.
5.My sister’s name _______ Nancy. 6.She _______ my English teacher. 7.He _________ my good friends. 8.I __________ happy today.
9.We _______ all Chinese teachers.
10.This ________ my school bag. That ________ a box. 11. These ________ my school bags. Those ________ boxes. 12.我不是一个学生。 I a student. 13.--- they big and strong?---Yes,they ___________.
14.It is a bird. 变为复数形式。___________________________________ 15.他是一个学生吗?_______ ________ a student?
是的,他是。_______, _______ ________. 不,他不是。______, _______ ________. 一、写出所给字母的左邻右舍(6分)
1. ____ F _____ 2. ______ B ______ 3. _____ S _______ 4.____ i ______ 5. ______ j _______ 6.______ L_______ 二、将下面的字母按读音归类。(11分)
B d h K G p T v z J C
含有A读音的字母:________________________________________ 含有E读音的字母:________________________________________ 三、默写5个元音字母。(包括大、小写字母)
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. ____________ 四、写出下列每组单词中划线部分的共同音标。 1. no post home grow / / 2. bird her work girl / / 3. what when watch win / / 4. cry tie eye like / / 5. oil boy noise enjoy / / ( )1. 当别人向你说“Thank you!”时,你应说:
A. Nice to meet you! B. Good morning! C.You’re welcome! ( )2. 当你想询问对方多大年龄时,你应说:
A. What’s your name? B. Who are you? C. How old are you? ( )3. 当别人称赞你的衣服漂亮时,你应说: A. Thank you. B. Not at all. C. You’re welcome!
巩固提升
人称代词 主 格 宾 格 我 我们 你,你们 他 她 它
他们
形容词性物主代词 名词性物主代词 反身代词 一、根据所给单词填空
1. __________ is my aunt. We often visit __________. ( she )
2.(we)_______ English teacher is Mrs. Green.We all like _________(she). 3.(me)_________ can’t get my kite. Could you help _________(I)? 4.I own a blue bike. The red one isn’t __________. ( I ) 5.Mike is my classmate. _________ is good at English . ( his ) 6.He _______ my good friend.(be) 7.I _________ a good student.(be) 8.The girl______ Jack’s sister. (be not) 9. The dog _______ tall and fat. (be) 10._______ she a good students?(be)
二、根据汉语提示填空(汉语只是个提示,不要照搬翻译) 1._______(她)is a student. _______(她)sister is a student, too. 2.________(我)want_______(你) to do it today.
3.________(他)brother is a worker(工人). ________are twins(他们). 4.________(你们)are English. ________(我们)are Chinese. 5.This is_______(我)book. That is_______(你).
6.These pens are________(他们)._______(你们)are over there在那边. 7.They ________ (不是) Chinese. 三、单项选择
1. This is my book. are over there.
A. Your B. Yours C. You D. Mine 2. bag is new and is new, too.
A. Our, he B. Ours, his C. My, his D. My, her 3. _______ are my books. I love ________ very much.
A. They, them B.They, their C.Them, their D.They,theirs 4. She is a student , name is Han Mei. A. its B. her C. hers D. his 5. It’s a dog. I don’t know name. A. its’ B. its C. it D. it’s
6. schoolbag is beautiful. But is more beautiful.
A. He, my B. His, mine C. Him, me D. His, I
7. am a boy and is a girl.
A. My, she B. I, her C. I, she D. Mine, she 8.I often help mother do housework(家务活)。 A. me, she B. mine, her C. my, her D. I, hers 9. I _______ a student. She ________ a student,too.
A. am,is B. is, am C.am, are D. are,is 10. Tom and Lily _________ good friends. A. is B. are C. am 11. That ________ my book. It’s his.
A. is B. am C.isn’t D.aren’t 12. ________ they Chinese?
A. Is B. Are C. Am 四、翻译句子并改为疑问句和否定句。 1. 他是我的老师(teacher)。
2. 我们是好朋友(friends)。
3那些是他的书。
4.这是我哥哥(brother)。
5.她是一个学生(student)。
第四讲 名词Noun
名词(Noun,简称n.),是词类的一种,属于实词,名词表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称
一.名词的分类
类别 专有名词 普 通 可数名词 意义 表示人、地方、组织机构或事物等的专有名词 个体名词 表示一类人或物的个体 集体名词 表示一群人或一类物的集合体
例词
名 词 物质名词 表示无法分为个体的实物 不可数名词 抽象名词 表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念 二.名词的数
名词分为可数和不可数名词。物质名词与抽象名词一般属于不可数名词,它们只有单数形式;个体名词和集体名词一般是可数名词,通常有单数和复数两种形式。 1. 单数变复数的规则 情况 构成方法 例词 一般情况 以“辅音字母+y”结尾
以“元音字母+y”结尾
以s, sh, ch, x等结尾
以f或fe结尾
部分以o结尾
【注】 ① ch读/k/时,其复数形式应加s,如stomachs(胃,腹部)
② 常见的以o结尾要加es的有如:hero, Negro, tomato, potato, 可记为“黑人英雄爱吃两菜一果”。 ③ 以f或fe结尾变f或fe为ves的词有如下:
妻子拿刀去宰狼,小偷吓得着了慌,躲进架子保己命,半片树叶遮目光。 2. 不规则复数形式
例词 构成方法
a变e oo变ee
ouse变为ice
词尾加ren
单复数同形
【注】① man,woman作定语修饰别的名词时,要把man,woman和其他部分都变成复数,
如man teacher – men teachers,_____________________(男医生) - _____________________(女职员); ② 不规则复数形式的记忆口诀:
男女英法人,都是将man变成men。
脚、牙oo变ee,child加上ren。 鹿和绵羊是一家,单变复时不变化。
3. “某国人”的复数形式 “中日不变英法变,其余s加后边”
国家名 China Japan England France Australia Germany 国籍 中国人 日本人 英国人 法国人 澳大利亚人 德国人 单数 Chinese Japanese Englishman Frenchman Australian German 复数
四.名词所有格
在英语中,特别是表有生命的名词,可以加's表示所属关系,名词的这种形式我们称之为名词的所有格。 1. 有生命的名词所有格
(1)单数名词的所有格加’s。如:Tom的书__________________ Judy的笔_________________ (2)以s结尾的复数名词所有格只加’。如:教师节_________________ 学生用书_________________ (3)姓氏以s结尾,也可直接加’。如: Jones的包包_______________________
(4)不规则的复数名词变所有格加’s。如: 儿童读物__________________妇女节_____________ (5)表示两人共有时,只在最后一个名词后加’s。如:
莉莉和露西的爸爸___________________ 约翰和玛丽的课桌_________________
(6)表示两人各自所有时,则两个专有名词都要用所有格形式,而且后面所修饰的名词要用复数形式。 王林的爸爸和李坤的爸爸__________________________ 露西的房间和莉莉的房间__________________________ 2. 无生命的名词所有格
(1)无生命的名词所有格常用of结构表示,如:桌腿 _________________ 书名___________________ (2)表示国家、时间、距离、重量和价值等的名词通过词尾变化表示所有,如: China’s future中国的未来 today’s newspaper今天的报纸 十分钟的路程ten minutes’ walk 两周的假期 two weeks’ holiday
3. 双重所有格 双重所有格就是将of结构与’s结构或名词性物主代词一起使用,如: a friend of Tom’s a friend of mine
4. 表示住宅、办公室或店铺的名词所有格后面一般省略它所修饰的名词,如: at John’s (home) _____________ at the doctor’s (office) _____________ 随堂练习
一、请写出下列词的复数形式。
city ________ zoo _________country _________tooth ________ mouse _________ boy________foot_________ car________ tree_________horse ________bus_________ fox _________branch ________baby_________ family _________dish __________radio __________photo__________ piano___________ knife ___________ leaf _______ life_________ thief ________man _________ woman _________child ___________ 二、单项选择
1.A cat has four ____ , doesn't it? A. foots B. feet C. feets
2.. There are three ____ and five _____ in the room.
A. American, Japanese B Americans, Japanese C. American, Japanese 3.Can you see nine ____ in the picture?
A. fish B. book C. horse 4.The _____ are flying back to their country.
A. Germany B. Germanys C. Germans 5.The green sweater(毛衣) is his _________.
A.brother B.brothers C.brother’s 6. How many ______ do you see in the picture?
A. tomatos B. tomatoes C. tomato D. the tomato 7.They are______.
A . woman teachers B. women teachers C. women teacher D. woman teacher 8. Would you like _______ ,please?
A. two glass of water B. two glasses of water
C. two glass of waters D. two glasses of waters 9.My uncle has three _______.
A.child B.childs C.children D.childrens 10.The girl brushes her _____ every day before she goes to bed.
A. tooths B. teeth C. teeths 11. She is ______________ mother.
A.Lily and Lucy’s B. Lily’s and Lucy’s 12. It is only a ___________ walk.
A.15 minutes’ B.15minute’s C. 15 minutes D15minute 13. Do you want ___________?
A.3 piece of paper B. 3 pieces of water C.3pieces of papers D.3 piece of papers 三、根据所给词的适当形式填空。 1. I have two____________ (knife) 2. There are many ___________ here. (box) 3. Do you want some _________? (milk)
4. There are ten __________ _________in our school. (man teacher) 5. Please take two _______________ for me. (photo) 6. The ______________ are playing football now. (child) 7. Would you please clean your _____________ now? (tooth) 8. I want to buy three ________________.(tomato)
四、请把下列各词变成复数形式。
1.hero 2.potato 3.match 4.boy_______ 5.city________6.kangaroo_________ 7.radio 8.zoo_______ 9.photo 10.leaf_________ 11.knife 12.scarf _______
13.mouth 14.man 15.foot__________ 16.tooth_______ 17.child 18.mouse________ 19.woman 20.Chinese___________21.sheep 22.fish 23.glass_________ 五、选择所给单词的正确音标,将其序号写入题前括号内。 ( )1. toilet A. /’tɔɪlɪt / B. /’tɔɪlət / ( )2. three A. /θri:/ B. / ðri:/ ( )3. bag A. /bæg / B. /beɪg/ ( )4. short A. / ʃɔ:t/ B. /ʃət/ ( )5、 pen A /pen/ B. /pɪn/
六、把排列正确的一组字母的编号填入括号内。 ( ) 1. A. A E F B. G P T C. U V W ( ) 2. A. a b d B. c d e C. j l k ( ) 3. A. T U V B. X Y V C. M N P ( ) 4. A. g i j B. k l m C. n o q ( ) 5. A. R S T B. C E F C. H I K ( )1. 在下午向人问好时,你应说:
A. Good morning! B. Good afternoon! C. Where are you?
( )2. 当别人对你说“How are you?”时,你应说:
A. How are you? B. Nice to meet you. C. I’m fine, thank you.
( )3. 当你询问对方的名字时,你应说:
A. How are you? B. What’s your name? C. How do you do?
( )4. 当别人对你说“Good bye!”时,你应说:
A. See you! B. Morning! C. Thank you!
课外积累
1. red红 英音:[red]美音:[rɛd] 2. orange橙 英音:['ɔ:rindʒ]美音:['ɔrɪndʒ] 3. yellow黄 英音:['jeləu]美音:['jɛlo] 4. green青 英音:[gri:n]美音:[grin] 5. blue蓝 英音:[blu:]美音:[blu] 6. purple紫 英音:['pə:pl]美音:['pɝp!] 7. grey灰 英音:[grei]美音:[gre] 8. white白 英音:[hwait]美音:[hwaɪt] 9. black黑 英音:[blæk]美音:[blæk] 10. pink粉红 英音:[piŋk]美音:[pɪŋk] 11. brown褐 英音:[braun]美音:[braun]
第五讲 形容词Adjective&副词Adverb
一、形容词
1.修饰名词,描述其特性、品质、特征等,一般做定语,放在所修饰的名词前。“......的”都是形容词,如: she is a beautiful girl. 她是一个漂亮的女孩。
2. 若修饰不定代词something, anything, everything或nothing时,应放在其后。如:nothing new 3. else修饰上述不定代词或疑问代词(who, whom, what)等时,也放其后。
What else do you want? I don’t want anything else.
4. enough用做形容词,放在所修饰的名词前或后均可,修饰形容词或副词时必须后置enough money; old enough 5. 某些形容词可以和定冠词连用,表示一类人或物(因此看成复数),起其作用相当于一个名词。如:
the old老人,the young年轻人,the rich富人,the dead死者
6. 如果两个以上的形容词修饰同一个名词时,其先后排列循序一般如下规律:限定词(a/the, my/this)+数量词(先序后基)+大 / 小 + 新/旧 + 颜色 + 国籍+ 材料 + 名词
an old big brown wooden box 一个旧而大的棕色木箱子 two tall young Japanese girls 两位高个、年轻的日本姑娘 7. 系动词(be, look看起来,smell闻起来,taste尝起来,sound听起来,feel感觉)后跟形容词。 The apple tastes good. 这个苹果尝起来很好。
8.-ed和-ing形容词的用法。 -ed形容词修饰人,-ing形容词修饰物。 We are interested in the interesting game. 我们对这个有趣的游戏很感兴趣。
9. It’s +adj.(形容词)+for sb.(某人)+to do(动词原型) 对某人来说做某事是...... It’s important for us to learn English.对我们来说学习英语是很重要的。
10. 名词变为形容词的构成方法归纳如下:
名词加-y构成形容词。 rain (雨水) →rainy (多雨的) noise (嘈杂的) →noisy (嘈杂的,喧闹的) 名词加-ful构成形容词,表示肯定。 use (使用) →useful (有用的) harm(伤害,损害) →harmful (有害的) 名词加-less构成形容词,表示否定。use (用处) →useless (无用的) harm(伤害,损害)→ harmless (无害的) 名词加-ly构成形容词。 friend (朋友) →friendly (友好的) love(爱) →lovely (可爱的)
在有些国名后加上-ese构成形容词,表示“……国的”China 中国→Chinese中国的 Japan日本→Japanese 日本的 在某些以元音结尾的名词后加-n构成形容词。Asia亚洲→Asian 亚洲的 America 美国 →American 美国的 在某些名词后加-ous构成形容词。danger(危险) →dangerous(危险的) fame(名声,名望)→famous(著名的) 名词加-en构成形容词。如:wood (木头) →wooden (木制的) gold (金子) →golden (金子般的) 在某些以元音结尾的名词后加-an构成形容词。如: Europe(欧洲)→European (欧洲的)
在某些名词后加-ish构成形容词。如: fool(傻瓜)→ foolish(愚蠢的) Spain(西班牙)→ Spanish(西班牙的) 即学即练
1. Tom is ____________ in playing basketball. He thinks football is very____________.
A. interesting,interested B.interested,interesting C.interest,interesting D.interested,interest 2. You would be____________ by reading the ____________ book.
A.relaxed,relaxing B.relaxing,relaxed C.relax, relaxing D.relaxed,relax 3. The music sounds ___________.
A.good B.well C.bad D.badly 4. He plays basketball very________. A.good B.well C.bad D.badly 5. I have _________ to tell you.
A.something important B.important something 6. Tom doesn’t have __________.
A.enough money B.money enough
二、副词
1. 通常修饰动词,表示动作的程度、方式等。还可以修饰形容词、副词,有时修饰整个句子,在句子中做状语,一般“......地”都是副词。如:You must listen to the teacher carefully. 你必须认真地听老师。
2.多数副词放在动词后面。频度副词(如:always, often, sometimes, never, usually等)常放在行为动词前,系动词be、情态动词或助动词之后。
即学即练
1.The food tastes_______. I don’t like it.
A.good B.well C.bad D.badly 2. She speaks English __________.
A.good B.well C.bad D.badly 3. Please look at the book_________. A.careful B.carefully
4. Please speak ________ so that we can hear you. A.loudly B.loud 5. It rains_________. A.heavy B.heavily
练习与巩固:熟能生巧,取得好成绩! 一、用划线部分的反义词填空。
1.She has a big apple, but I have a ____________ one. 2.I have a black and _________ cat.
3.It’s cold in winter and it’s __________ in summer. 4.My coat is old, and I need a _________ one. 5.My pencil is sharp, but his is ___________. 二、单项选择
1.Do you know ________ in this field?
A. anybody famous B. famous anybody C. somebody famous D. famous somebody 2.--What do you think of the cake? ---It tastes ________. A. good B. badly C. well D. terribly
3.We all love Miss Yang. She always makes her history class(历史课) very ______. A. interest B. interests C. interesting D. interested 4.Mr. Brown has car.
A. a beautiful new American B. a new American beautiful
C. a new beautiful American D. an American beautiful new 5. There are dinner tables on display in the hall.
A. two big round new Chinese wooden B. two Chinese big round new wooden C. big round new Chinese two wooden D. big round new two wooden Chinese 6.–Is your mother badly ill? –No, _______ , only a little cold.
A. serious anything B. serious nothing C. nothing serious D. anything serious 7.The football match was _______, so the boys were _______ about it.
A. excited , exciting B. exciting, excited C. excited , excited D. exciting , exciting 8.This kind of T-shirt look _______ and sells(卖) _______ in the market. A. nice, good B. well , well C. nice , well D. good , nice 9.The light in the room wasn’t _______ for me to read.
A. brightly enough B. enough brightly C. enough bright D. bright enough 10. Do you have _______ to say?
A. important anything B. anything important C. important something D. something important 11. Let’s enjoy the song Yesterday Once More. It sounds _______.
A. well B. sadly C. nice D. bad 12. Today my sister is feeling _______ to go to the factory.
A. enough good B. good enough C. well enough D. enough well 13. Please read the book __________.
A.loudly B.loud C.quiet D.hard 14. Wang Ping does _______ in physics.
A. badly B. bad C. worse D. worst 15. The idea sounds__________.
A.great B.badly C.greatly D.goodly 三、写出下列形容词的副词形式。
good_________ bad__________ careful__________ easy___________ nice_________ true___________ 四、写出下列名词的形容词形式。
rain_________ use___________ harm___________ friend___________ love__________ danger___________
课外积累
星期一 Monday [ˈmʌndi] 星期二 Tuesday [ˈtju:zdi] 星期三 Wednesday [ˈwenzdi] 星期四 Thursday [ˈθə:zdi] 星期五 Friday [ˈfraidi] 星期六 Saturday [ˈsætədi] 星期日 Sunday [ˈsʌndi]
第六讲 数词 Numeral
数词(Numeral),表示数量或顺序的词叫做数词。英语的数词可以作句子的主语、宾语、表语和定语。数词分为两大类,即基数词和序数词。基数词表示数目,如:one,two,three,four……;序数词表示顺序,如:first,second,third,fourth……序数词前一般要加the。 一、基数词 1. 1-10
2. 11-19
3. 两位数(非整数),十位数和个位数之间用连字符“-”。
4. 两位数(整数),以ty结尾;
4. 三位数,在百位数和十位数之间用and连接。
5. 百(hundred),千(thousand),百万(million),千万(billion) 6. 表示确切的百、千、百万时,不能用其复数形式; 表示成百、成千时,用其复数形式;
7. 表示“人的不确切岁数”,用几十的复数形式;
He became a professor in his thirties. (他在三十多岁成为教授。)
8. 表示年代时,用几十的复数形式;It was in 1960s. (那是在20世纪60年代。)
二、序数词
1、英语的序数词基本变法: (1) 1-19:一般在基数词后加th 特殊情况:
(2)两位数(整数),改y为-ie,加th;
(3)两位数/多位数(非整数),仅个位数部分用序数词。
2.缩写形式:阿拉伯数字 + 序数词末尾两个字母 (只有1st, 2nd, 3rd为特殊形式,其他都是阿拉伯数字+ th)
三、基数词/序数词用法辨别
1. 基数词也可以表示顺序,要将基数词放在名词之后。
2. (1)序数词前面加the时,表示顺序,
(2) 加a/an时表示“再一、又一”
四、时间的数词表示法 1. 表示时刻
(1)整点用“ o’clock ”;
(2)几点过几分,分钟 + past + 小时;
(3)几点差几分,分钟 + to + 小时;
(4)直接法:小时 + 分钟;
2.表示日期,用the 加序数词表示,或用缩写形式
3.表示年份,用基数词表示 4.表示年代,用the + 年代 + ‘s/ s
5.表示世纪,用the + 序数词 + century,或者 the + 整百 + ‘s/s
五、分数/小数/百分数表示法
1、分数表示法:基数词作分子,序数词作分母;
分子是“1”时,序数词用单数;除此之外,序数词用复数
2.“半”的表达:
3. 当分数后接名词时,如果分数值大于1,名词用复数;小于1,名词用单数。
4. 小数:小数点左边合起来读,小数点右边的数字分开读,小数点读作point
5. 百分数:用基数词+ percent表示
练习与巩固:熟能生巧,取得好成绩! 一、默写基数词1-10.
___________________________________________________________________________________________ 二、写出下列基数词的序数词形式。
one__________ two___________ three___________ nine__________ five__________ eleven__________ twelve___________ twenty___________ thirty-one___________ eight__________ 三、用英语表达下列时间。
3:40__________________________ 5:20________________________ 6:30_________________________ 7:05__________________________ 8:45________________________ 9:15_________________________ 四、用英语表达下列分数、百分数以及小数。
1/3_________________________ 3/5___________________________ 1/2_____________________________ 20%________________________ 3%___________________________ 45%____________________________ 7.8_________________________ 12.01_________________________ 5.07____________________________ 五、单项选择。
1.There are two____________ people in the meeting room.
A.hundred B.hundreds C.hundred of D.hundreds of 2.Tuesday is the _________ day of a week in English. A.first B.fifth C.two D.second 3._______ people lost their homes in Japan’s earthquake.
A. Two thousands B. Thousand C. Thousands of D. Thousand of 4. —If a=4, b=5, what’s the answer to the question “ a + 2ab +1 =?”— . A. Forty-fifth B. Forty-five C. Twenty-three D. One hundred and twenty-one 3.Tomorrow is the boy’s ________ birthday. A. seventh B. seven C. seventeen
4. September is _____ month of the year. A. ninth B. nine C. the nine D. the ninth
5.Han Fang wants to buy two pieces of bread ,a bottle of orange juice and an ice cream .How much will she pay?
Bread 1.20 Cake 1.50 Water 0.80 Orange juice 1.80 Coke 4.50 Ice cream 2.00 A. Five yuan and eighteen fen B. Six yuan and twenty fen C. Seven yuan and twenty fen D. Eight yuan and twelve fen 6. people will visit Qinzhou during the 12th Games of Guangxi. A. Thousand B. Two thousands C. Thousands of D. Thousand of
智慧小百科
1.If you get sick, you can call_______ in China. A.110 B.114 C.120 D.119 2.We don’t want it. It’s “a white elephant”.What is it? A.一件昂贵而无用的东西 B. 一头白象 C.白给的东西 D.白色陷阱 3. What’s the Chinese for “talk big”. A.吹牛 B.说谎话 C.骂人 D.很大 4.I know that from A to Z. What’s the Chinese for “A to Z”? A.从A到Z B.从头到尾 C.字母表 D.距离很远 5.“Like father, like son.” means_________. A.父子都喜欢 B.像父亲又像儿子 C.有其父必有其子 D.喜欢父亲也喜欢儿子
第七讲 动词verb
一、动词的定义:动词(Verb),就是用来表示动作或状态的词汇。 二、动词的种类:
(1)实义动词:表示行为、动作或状态的词。实义动词词义完整,能作谓语,亦称为行为动词。
(2)系动词: 亦称连系动词,是用来帮助说明主语“是什么”或“怎么样”的动词,系动词本身有词义,但不能用作谓语,后边必须跟表语,构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。
(3)情态动词: 情态动词用在实义动词前,表示说话人对这一动作或状态的看法或主观设想。情态动词本身有一定词义,但是不能作谓语,只能和实义动词一起构成谓语。
(4)助动词: 表示不同的时态、语态以及句子的否定和疑问。助动词本身无词义,不可作谓语,只能协助主要动词构成谓语。
一般现在时的讲解及用法
一、定义与讲解
1.一般现在时:表示经常性的事情,经常性的动作或一般性事实。
2.时间状语:often 经常,usually通常,always 总是,every每个,sometimes 有时,at …在几点钟 3.只有在第三人称单数用动词的“三单变化”,其他用动词的原形。 三单变化:
1.)多数在动词后+s play — plays like — likes (1)直接在动词词尾加-s.
ask---asks work---works get---gets stay---stays (2)以字母s, x, ch, sh或o结尾的动词,在词尾直接加-es. watch---watches wish---wishes fix---fixes do---does go---goes pass---passes
(3)以“辅音字母加 - y”结尾的动词,要先变y为i再加-es. try---tries study---studies cry---cries fly---flies 2.)不规则变化:
be---- is are have----has 二、一般现在时用法
1.表示经常性,习惯性,永久性的动作或存在的状态.通常与副词sometimes, often, usually, always, every day (year, month ), once (twice, three times) a day,等时间状语连用。
2. 表示客观真理,科学原理,自然现象,等客观事实或格言,谚语等。
三、一般现在时的句子转换:
(1)当句子中有be动词或情态动词时,则把be动词或情态动词(can,could等等)提到主语的前面变成疑问句;在be动词或情态动词后面加not变成否定句. 例:①陈述句: 疑问句→ 否定句→ ②陈述句: 疑问句→ 否定句→
当句子中即没有be动词,也没有情态动词时,则在主语前加助动词do (I,you,以及复数), does(单 数she,he,it)变
成问句;在主语后谓语动词前加助动词don’t(I,you,以及复数), doesn’t(单数she,he,it)变成否定句,助动词后的动词要变成动词原形。 例:①陈述句: 疑问句→ 否定句→
②陈述句: 疑问句→ 否定句→ 随堂练习
一、写出第三人称单数:
wash_________ match _______guess______ study_________play_________ want_________ finish_________ go________ snow__________ carry_________ like__________ stay__________ watch_________ do________ get_________live_________ wish________have__________
二、用所给动词的适当形式填空:
1. He________ TV every evening. (watch) 2. We always ________ to school on foot. (go)
3. Tom, with his classmates, often ______ football after school. (play) 4. Your shoes _______ under the bed. (be)
5. _________ you _________(brush) your teeth every morning? 6. His uncle usually _________ to work by bus. (go) 7. I always ______ up at six in the morning.(get) 8. John ________ like his father. (look)
9.________ Mike________( read ) English every day?
10.What time_________ his father_________(do) the work? 三、单项选择 :
( ) 1. _____ you have a book?
A. Do B. Are C. Is D. Have ( )2. They _________ on a farm.
A. working B. is work C. work D. is worked ( ) 3. Does Peter like to watch TV? __________.
A.Yes, he like B. No, he doesn’t C. Yes, he’d like D. No, he likes
( )4. She doesn’t __________ her homework in the afternoon. A. doing B. to do C. does D. do ( )5. How ____________ Mr. Brown ___________ to America?
A. do,go B. is,go C. does,go D. does,goes
( )6. Where’s my camera? I____________ it.
A. am not finding B. am not seeing C. can’t find D. can’t look at ( )7. How ___________ he go to work? He ___________ to work by bike. A. does go B. do;goes C. do go D. does;goes ( )8. ______ you usually late for school? No, _____________.
A. Do, I am B. Does, not C. Are, I’m not D. Are, I aren’t ( )9. _____ she _____ home at six every day?
A. Is , leave B. Does , leave C. Is , leaves D. Does , left
( )10. Mr. Yang ____________ English this term. A.teaches our B. teaches us C. teachs us 四、按照要求改写句子
1. Li Ming watches TV every evening.(改为否定句)
______________________________________________________ 2. I do my homework every day.(改为一般疑问句,并作否定回答) _______________________________________________________ 3. She likes milk.(改为一般疑问句,并作肯定回答)
______________________________________________________
4. Amy’s mother likes playing computer games.(改为一般疑问句,并作否定回答) ____________________________________________________ 5. We go to school every morning.(改为否定句)
______________________________________________________ 6. He speaks English very well.(改为否定句)
______________________________________________________ 7. I like taking photos in the park.(对划线部分提问)
______________________________________________________ 8. John comes from Canada.(对划线部分提问)
_______________________________________________________ 9. She is always a good student.(改为一般疑问句,作否定回答) ________________________________________________________
D. teach our
10. Simon and Daniel like going skating.(改为否定句)
________________________________________________________ 11. Do you often play football after school? (肯定回答)
________________________________________________________ 12. I have many books. (改为否定句)
_________________________________________________________ 13. Gao Shan's sister likes playing table tennis. (改为否定句)
_________________________________________________________ 14. She lives in a small town near New York. (改为一般疑问句)
______________________________________________________ 15. I watch TV every day. (改为一般疑问句)
______________________________________________________ 16. David has got a goal. (改为一般疑问句)
______________________________________________________ 17. We have four lessons.(改为否定句)
______________________________________________________ 18. Nancy doesn't run fast. (改为肯定句)
______________________________________________________
课外积累
January [ˈdʒænjuəri]一月 February [ˈfebruəri]二月 March [mɑ:tʃ]三月 April [ˈeiprəl]四月 May [mei]五月 June [dʒu:n]六月 July [dʒu(:)ˈlai]七月 August [ˈɔ:gəst]八月 September [səpˈtembə]九月 October [ɔkˈtəubə]十月 November [nəuˈvembə] 十一月 December [diˈsembə]十二月
第八讲 冠词Article
一.定义
冠词(Article)是一种虚词,在句子中不重读,本身不能使用,只能放在名词前帮助说明名词所指的人或事物,它是英语词性中最小的一类,只有三个,一种是不定冠词(Indefinite Article),一种是定冠词(Definite Article)。此外也有些特定场合不用冠词,即通常所称的零冠词(Zero Article)。其中冠词简称“art.” 冠词有不定冠词、 定冠词、 零冠词。
二.用法
(一)、不定冠词的用法
不定冠词a (an)表示的意思是“一个”。a用于辅音音素开头的词前;而an则用于元音音素开头的词前。 例如:The little boy eats an apple, and the little girl eats a banana.
1.用于可数名词的单数形式前,表示“一”。 There is an apple on the plate. 2.表示一类人或物。
A tiger is a dangerous animal. 3.第一次提到某人或某物。
This is an English-Chinese dictionary. 4. 在一些固定搭配中
a lot of/ a little/ a few/ a pair of/ a set of 等 (二)、定冠词的用法
定冠词(the)是 this/these/that/those的总称,放在名词前,表示特定的事物或人。 1. 第二次提到某人或某物,用定冠词the
Look! There is a ball under the table. The ball is mine. 2. 用于指说话双方都知道的事物或人。 Would you mind closing the window? 3. 放在序数词前。
Monday is the second day of the week. 4. 放在形容词最高级前。
He is the tallest boy in our class. 5. 表示世上独一无二的事物。 The earth goes around the sun.
6. 定冠词放在姓氏复数前,表示“……一家”。 The Greens are from Australia.
7. 定冠词后接单数名词表示一类人或物。 The dog is a kind of cute animal.
8. 定冠词和形容词连用,也可以代表某类人或物。 the poor the bad the rich the good
9. 演奏某项乐器时,乐器前需加the。如: play the drums/play the piano/ play the violin 10. 在一些固定搭配中。如:
in the afternoon 在下午 in the evening 在晚上 (三)、零冠词的用法
1. 复数名词前不加冠词可以表示一类人和事物 Noodles are my favorite. 2. 洲、国家、城市前不用冠词 We live in Asia.
3.不可数名词表示一类一般不用冠词。 Would you like to drink water?
4. 在季节、月份、星期、节日、日期、等表示时间的名词之前,不加冠词; It is very cold in winter in Beijing. 5. 在姓名前不加冠词。 She is Mrs. Henry Black.
6. 在一天三餐、表示球类运动名词前不用冠词。 After we have lunch, we will play football. 7. 在固定搭配中,名词前不需要用冠词。如: go to school go to bed sit at table stay in bed
巩固提升 选择填空:( A. / B. a C. an D. the )
1.Mum, what shall we have for _______dinner?
2.The scientists from ________ United States live in __________ Ninth Street. 3.September 10th is ____________ Teachers' Day.
4. Tom likes playing_______ football and his sister likes playing ________ guitar. 5.Which is bigger, ______sun or ______moon? 6.______Browns have been to China twice. 7.I want to eat ________ apple. 8.He has _________ nice schoolbag. 9.She came on _________ Friday.
10.I usually have___________ breakfast at seven. 11.She teaches ________ English in a middle school.
12.There is _______ picture of _______ elephant on _______ wall. 13.This is _______ useful book. I've read it for _______ hour. 14.After I had _______ quick breakfast, I hurried to school. 15.I often watch _______ TV in _______ evening. 16.He often goes to _______ school by _______ bike. 17. Does Jim have _______ ruler?
18. There is _______ old bike. _______ old bike is Mr Zhao's. 19. I have _______ book.That's _______ English book. 选择填空:( A. / B. a C. an D. the ) 20.We can't see _______ sun at _______ night.
21.He used to be _______ teacher but later he turned _______ writer. 22.His father is _______ English teacher. 23.Is he _______ American boy ? 24.Look at _______ horse over there.
25.Bill is _______ English teacher.He likes playing _______ football. 26.Shanghai is in _______ east of China.
27.Beijing is _______ beautiful city. It's _______ capital of China. 28.Don't play _______ basketball here.It's dangerous. 29.She has _______ orange skirt. _______ skirt is nice. 30.Australia is _______ English-speaking country. 31.They passed our school _______ day before yesterday.
32.Does Tom often play _______ football after _______ school?
33.There is _______ woman over there. _______ woman is Meimei's mother.
34._____ old man is _______ teacher.He likes playing _____ basketball after_______ supper. 35.He joined the army(参军) in _______ spring of _______ 1995. 36._______ apple a day keeps the doctors away. 37.They made him _______ king(国王). 38.This is _______ apple.It's _______ big apple. 39.At that time Tom was _______ one-year-old baby. 40.My sister often plays_______ piano in ________ evening.
智力闯关
1. ---What will you say when you are in danger ? ---________! A. I’m afraid B.SOS C.Help D.Please 2. What is easy to get into but hard to get out of?
A.Trouble B.Water C.A school D.A house
3. ---Where’s the john?---Oh, over there. This way, please. “The john” means_______. A.the boy B. the toilet C.the father D.the bathroom 4. He likes fighting. He is black and blue all day.
A.黑一块白一块 B.脏兮兮的 C.又青又紫 D.身上青一块紫一块 5. “Wall has ears” means_________.
A.墙上有耳 B.隔墙有耳 C.震耳欲聋 D.耳聪目明
第九讲 There be句型
There be句型 定义: There be 结构主要用以表达 “某地有某人(某物)”。
基本句型为“There be + 某物或某人(主语) + 某地”。
一、be动词的选择:
There be 结构中的谓语动词be(is / are)在人称和数上应与其后的主语保持一致。主语是不可数名词或单数可数名词时用is ;主语是复数时用are。 There is a book. There are two books. 二、具体结构:
(1) There is + 单数可数名词/不可数名词+ 地点状语.
(2) There are + 复数名词+ 地点状语.
口诀: “有”字放前面,有“啥”放中间; 时间地点放后面;
单数is, 复数are 注意be的两变化。
三、句型变化:
(1)、否定句:there be的否定式通常在be后加not。
E.g. 树下有一辆自行车。
E.g. 在房间里有两个小女孩。
(2)、一般疑问句及其答语:
1、一般疑问句:把be动词提前,首字母大写,句末用问号即可。
2、回答时,“用什么问,就用什么答”,用Is / Are there来提问,就用there is / are 来回答。
肯定回答:Yes, there is / are. 否定回答:No, there isn't / aren't.
E.g. 1)、树上有两只猫。
2)、在桌子上有一台电脑。
【典例】:1. There is a new bed and an old desk in the room .
否定句: 一般疑问句: 否定回答:
(3)some和any在“there be”句型中的用法: some 一些(用于肯定句) any 一些、任何(用于否定句和一般疑问句) 注意:There be句型在变成否定句或一般疑问句时,要注意把句中的some变成any。 E.g.1)、There is some water in the bottle .在瓶子里有一些水。
2)、There are some children in the picture. 图片里有一些小孩。
【典例】:1). -- Are there _____ shops near here? -- No, there are _____ shops near here. A. some, not B. some, any C. any, not D. any, no 2).There are some tables on the floor.(变为否定句)
(4) 就近原则:
there是个近视眼。若句子中有几个并列的主语时, be的形式要与离其最近的一个主语在 人称和数上保持一致。
E.g. 1.There is a pen, two pencils and some books on the desk. 书桌上有一支钢笔、两支铅笔和一些书。 2.There are two pencils, a pen and some books on the desk. 书桌上有两支铅笔、一支钢笔和一些书。
3.There are some books,two pencils and a pen on the desk. 书桌上有一些书、两支铅笔和一支钢笔。
【典例】:There milk and eggs on the table .在桌子上有牛奶和鸡蛋。
There eggs and milk on the table.
四、“there be” 和“have”的区别
There be表示“存在有” ;have(has)表示“所属有”。他们都翻译为“有”,但具体用法不相同,且两种结构不能同时合用。
E.g.1)、I have a book .我有一本书。
2)、There is a book on the desk .在桌子上有一本书。 注意:常见的的介词和介词短语:
介词:at 在..... in 在......里面 on 在......上面
under 在......下面 behind 在......后面 near 在......附近
介词短语举例:at home 在家 in the box 在盒子 on the floor 在地板上 under the tree 在树下
behind the door 在门后面 on the desk在桌子上 in front of 在……前面 一. 用be的正确形式填空
1. There _________ a piano against the wall. 2. There _________ some flowers on the desk. 3. There _________ some tea in the cup. 4. There _________ two tins of coke in the bag.
5. There _________ three buildings and a beautiful garden in our school. 6. There _________ some meat, some bread and some apples on the table. 7. There _________ a picture and a clock on the wall.
8. There _________ a volleyball match in our school the day after tomorrow. 9. There _________ no factories, hospitals and schools here fifty years ago. 10. There may _______ something wrong with your watch. 11. There ________ any mail for you today. 12. There ________ any letters in the mailbox today. 13. How many kinds of animals ________ there in this area? 二.选择填空。
( )1.There ________ no tea in the cup.
A.is B.are C.has D.be
( )2.There ________ in the next room.
A.is Tom B.are some boys C.are they D.is the boy
( )3.There is some ________ on the plate.
A.apple B.bread C.banana D.sandwich ( )4.There ________ some paper and a pen on the desk.
A.is B.are C.have D.has
( )5.There ________ a school at the foot of the hill.
A.have B.stand C.are D.stands
( )6.There ________ in tomorrow's newspapers.
A.have something new B.have new something C.is something new D.is new something
( )7.There is some milk in the bottle, ________ ?
A.isn't there B.aren't there C.isn't it D.are there ( )8. ________ is there on the table?
A.How many apples B.How much bread C.How much breads D.How many food
( )9.There are sixty minutes in ________ hour.
A.an B.the C.a D./
( )10.There is ________ old woman in the car. A.× B.a C.the D.an
( )11.There's ________ orange tree behind ________ house. A.an ;the B.a;a C.the;the
( )12.There is ________ map in the classroom. ________ map is on the wall.
A.a;A B.the;The C.a;The D.the;A
( )13.There is ________ “f”and ________ “u”in the word“four”.
A.an;a B.a;a C.an;an D.a;an
( )14.There ________ not any water in the glass.
A.has B.is C.are
( )15.There ________ a football match in our school this afternoon.
A.are going to have B.is going to have C.are going to be D.is going to be ( )16.There ________ an apple and ten bananas in the basket.
You can take any of them.
A.are B.is C.has D.have
( )17. ________ any flowers on both sides of the street?
A.Is there B.Are there C.Has D.Have
( )18.There ________ great changes in our country since 1979.
A.have been B.were C.has been D.are
( )19.There is little water in the glass, ________ ? A.isn 't there B.isn't it C.is it D.is there
( )21.There isn't ________ paper in the box.Will you go and get some for me?
A.any B.some C.a D.an ( )22.There ________ some water in the bottle.
A.are B.is C.has D.have
( )23.How many ________ are there in your classroom?
A.desks B.desk C.chair D.door
( )24.There ________ something wrong with my car.
A.are B.has C.is D.have
( )25.There ________ a pencil and two pens in the pencil-box.
A.are B.has C.have D.is
三、 按要求进行句型转换
1. There are some kites on the wall.(改为否定句)
_________________________________________________________ 2. There is some rice in the bag.(改为一般疑问句)
_________________________________________________________ 3. There are some buses near the hill.(变单数)
____________________________________________________
4. Is there a baby in the room?(变复数)
_____________________________________________________ 四、用some, any填空
1. There's ______ water in the cup. There isn't ______ tea in the cup. 2. Is there ______ bread here? Yes, there is. There's ______ on the table. 3. Are there ______ cars in front of the building? No, there aren't. 4. There isn't _____ chocolate on the table. 5. Is there ______ soap on the dressing table? 五、there be 与have区别 1. This desk _________ four legs. 2. __________ some books on the desk.
3. Everyone ___________ a dictionary in my class. 4. I ___________ a new sweater.
5. ______________ some flowers and a desk in the room. 7. They ____________ something to eat.
趣味阅读
❖ 流行语
有钱任性 rich and bitch 我保证不打死你 I promise you won’t get killed 我读书少,你别骗我 I don’t have much education, don’t try to fool me. 我想静静 Please leave me alone. 洪荒之力prehistorical powers 友谊的小班说翻就翻 The friendship wrecked out of the trouble. ❖ 小吃
烧饼 sesame seed cake 油条deep-fried dough sticks 馒头steamed buns 蒸饺 steamed dumpling 豆浆soybean milk 蛋炒饭fried rice with eggs
第十讲 句子种类
一、句子种类概述 根据英语句子的不同功能,句子可分为:
(1)陈述句:用来说明或陈述说话人的看法或观点的句子叫做陈述句。陈述句通常用降调来读,并在句末加句号。 (2)疑问句:疑问句是用来提出疑问的句子,句末用问号。疑问句可以进一步分为一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句。
(3)祈使句:祈使句表示命令、警告、提醒、建议、请求、叮嘱、号召等,谓语动词用原形。主语you通常省略,句末用叹号或句号。
(4)感叹句:感叹句是用来表达喜、怒、哀、乐等强烈感情的一种句式。尽管感叹句的表现形式多种多样,但主要的表现形式只有两种,即what和how引导的感叹句。
考点一:陈述句的用法
考点 1:陈述句的肯定句。陈述句的的肯定式即肯定陈述句。
She comes from Shanghai. 她来自上海。 They are watching TV.他们正在看电视
Tom bought a car yesterday. 汤姆昨天买了辆车。 I can swim. 我会游泳。
考点 2:陈述句的否定式。
1、一般情况下,陈述句变否定句。
① 如果句子的谓语动词是be动词,则在其后面直接加not。 典型例题 1He is a tall boy.(改成否定句)
典型例题 2They are having an English class.(改成否定句)
② 如果句子的谓语动词是情态动词+动词原形,则在情态动词后面直接加not。 典型例题 1 I can make a model plane.(改成否定句)
典型例题 2 You should go to school at seven.(改成否定句)
③ 如果句子的谓语动词是行为动词do,又没有助动词和情态动词时,陈述句变否定句时,借助助动词的否定式(don’t, doesn’t, didn’t),后面跟动词的原形。
典型例题 2He likes drawing pictures.(改成否定句) 典型例题3I went to the park yesterday.(改成否定句) 考点二:疑问句的用法 考点 1:一般疑问句的用法。
① 一般疑问句通常需要用yes 或no 来回答,朗读时要用升调。一般疑问句主要有以下几种结构类型: 1、“be + 主语 + 表语”结构
2、“情态动词 + 主语+ 行为动词(或be)”结构
3、“助动词(do, does, did)+ 主语 + 行为动词”结构
② 一般疑问句还有否定一般疑问句,表示“难道……?”。
③ 将陈述句改成一般疑问句时,将be动词,情态动词,助动词移至句首,将第一人称改为第二人称,句中有some 时改为any句末改为问号。
典型例题 1There are some apples in the blanket.(改成一般疑问句) 典型例题 2I can make a model plane.(改成一般疑问句) 典型例题 3She lives in Beijing.(改成一般疑问句)
The boy ate some apples.(改成一般疑问句)
考点 2:特殊疑问句的用法。 以疑问代词 what,who,whom,whose,which或者疑问副词when,where,how,why开头进行提问的句子叫特殊疑问句。它的回答要针对问句中的疑问词来回答,不用yes和no来回答,特殊疑问句用降调读。 1、特殊疑问句的结构:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句。
What is this? 这是什么? Who are you waiting for?你在等谁?
Where did you lose your key?你在哪里丢了钥匙? Which class are you in?你在几班?
How do you go to school?你怎么去上学? When does your mother get up? 你妈妈什么时候起来? 2、常见的特殊疑问词用法举例。 1. what 问时间:
(1) what time提问时刻 现在几点? (2) what day 提问星期 今天是星期几? (3) what date 提问日期 今天是几号? 问颜色:
(4) what colour 你的书包是什么颜色的? 问班级、年级
(5) what class 你在哪个班? (6) what grade 你在哪个年级? 其他
(7) what about
我想喝杯茶,你呢? I’d like a cup of tea. 现在踢足球怎么样? 你们城市的天气怎么样? ★用法总结:
①可用于提建议、询问、问天气、征求对方意见等。 ②后接名词、代词或动名词。 2. who谁 那个女人是谁? 3. whom谁 你要找谁?(作宾语)
4. whose 谁的 这本书是谁的?
这是谁的书?
5. which 哪一个/本/种... 他想要哪一个?
你最喜欢哪种水果?
6. when 用来对年、月、日和星期提问。你什么时候出生? 7. where问地点、场所。你住在哪里?
8. why问原因,回答用because。你为什么迟到了?
9. how用来询问某人做某事的方法、手段或询问某人的健康以及询问天气情况等,表示怎样、如何。 (1) How are you ? 你好吗? How do you do? 你好吗?How about…?=What about…? ……如何? How do you like…?=What do you think of…? 你觉得……怎么样? 你觉得住在广州怎么样?
(2) how many 多少(后接可数名词) 你们班有多少个学生? (3) how much多少(对不可数名词发问)杯子里有多少水? 常用对价钱提问 你的新书包多少钱? (4) how old多大(问岁数)H 你妹妹多大了? (5) how tall多高(对人、树等提问)姚明有多高? (6) how high多高(对山等提问) 白云山多高? (7) how far多远(问距离)你家离这里多远? (8) how long
①多少时间(多久)你在广州住多久了? ②多长(问长度) 这条绳子多长?
(9) how often多久一次(问频率)你多久看一次电视? (10)how soon多快、多长时间、多久 他多久会回来?
问天气 :“How +be +the weather...?”或“What +be +the weather like...?”
今天天气如何? 巩固提升
一、把下列陈述句改为一般疑问句。 1.I'm in Class 2Grade 1.
2. We're watching TV.
3. He can swim now.
4.The children may come with us.
5. I like these animals.
6. She wants to go to the movies.
二、对画线部分提问、 1. They buy a new bike .
____________________________________________________ 2. She is a nurse .
____________________________________________________ 3. She is my teacher.
____________________________________________________ 4. I am looking for my sister .
____________________________________________________ 5. I get up at six .
____________________________________________________ 6. I am from Hubei .
____________________________________________________ 7. I go to school late because I got up late.
____________________________________________________ 8. It is windy .
_____________________________________________________ 9. My bag is red .
______________________________________________________ 10. The book is Li Hua’s.
______________________________________________________ 11. They are five yuan .
______________________________________________________ 12. I wash it twice a week .
______________________________________________________ 13. He will be back in four days .
______________________________________________________
三、选择题
( ) 20. ---______ is a ticker for the film Hacker He? --- About forty yuan . A. How old B. How many C. How much D. How often ( ) 21. —______ are you going? — I’m going to the library(图书馆).
A. Who B. Which C. What D. Where
( ) 23. ______? It’s eight.
A. What day is it B. What’s five and three
C. How old are you D. What’s your telephone number
( ) 24. —______? —I’ve got a headache and a cough. A. What’s your trouble B. What’s wrong with it
C. Can I help you D. How are you
( ) 25. ______ tea did you have? Two cups.
A. How many B. How much C. How soon D. Which ( ) 26. ______ shall we meet in the park? What about half past eight?
A. What B. When C. Where D., Which
( ) 27. ______ a year does your school have sports meetings? Twice a year.
A. How often B. How soon C. How long D. How many times
( )28. ______? She is behind the tree.
A. Whose girl B. Who’s that girl C. Which girl D. Where’s the girl ( )30.______ will your father be back? .
A How long B how often C How soon D How wide
五.就划线部分提问。
31.He often has lunch in the factory. he often lunch? 32.They will come back in a month. will they come back? 34.I get up at six this morning .
you get up this morning ? 36.I don’t go to school because I had a bad cold. you go to school? 38.He's feeling well. he feeling ? 39.The girl in a red coat is my sister. is your sister? 40.He comes to China once a year. he to China?
41. He goes to see his grandma ( twice a week ). (对括号部分提问) _________________________________________________? 42. My father goes to work by car. ( 改为一般疑问句 )
__________________________________________________? 45. Ted puts his bag in the desk . ( 改为特殊疑问句 ) _____ ______ Ted _____ his bag?
48. Diogenes came from ( Greece ). (对括号部分提问) _____ _____ Diogenes ______ _______?
预备单元
Starter Unit 1 Good morning.
1. Good morning/afternoon/evening早上(上午)/下午/晚上好。
答语相同。在熟人或家人之间可省略good.熟人之间的问候可加上称呼语,称呼语放在问候语之后且用逗号隔开。如:Good morning , class!同学们,早上好!△Good night!晚安(晚间告别用语) 2. Hello, Frank! 你好,弗兰克。 3. A; How are you? 你(身体)好吗?
B; (I’m) fine/Very well/I’m OK, Thank you./thanks. And you?我很好,谢谢。你呢?
A: (I’m)fine/OK, too.我也很好
4. thanks = thank you 谢谢
5.Nice to meet you ! 回答是:Nice to meet you !或Nice to meet you ,too! 6.How do you do? 答语仍然是:How do you do?
Starter Unit 2 What’s this in English
1. What’s this/that? 这/那是什么? It’s a/an + 物品 (△不说This/That is...)
1) What’s this/that? 这/那是什么? 2) What’s this/that? 这/那是什么?
It’s a ruler. (这/那是)直尺。 It’s an apple. (这/那是)苹果。
2. What’s this/that in English? 这/那用英语怎么说?
It’s a/an + 物品 (△不说This/That is...)
in + 语言:用某种语言 in Chinese/English/Japanese用汉/英/日语
3. a 和an是不定冠词,只用在可数名词单数前面,表示“一”。a用在以辅音音素开头的单词前;an用在以元音音素开头的单词前。这里的元音音素和辅音音素是指读音,而不是指字母。 如:a pen /pen/ 一支钢笔 ( /p/为辅音音素)
an orange /'ɒrɪn(d)ʒ / 一个桔子 ( /ɒ/为元音音素)
5. Spell it, please. = Please spell it. 请拼读它。
K – E - Y. Spell “pen”, please. = Please spell pen. 请拼读“pen”。 P – E - N. 注:please置于句末时,前面要加逗号。
Starter Unit 3 What color is it?
1. What’s this/that? 这/那是什么? It’s V. 这是V。 2. 问颜色:What color
1) What color is + 单数名词? 2) What color are + 复数名词? It’s /It is + 颜色. They’re/They are + 颜色. 如1) What color is the key? (这把)钥匙是什么颜色的?
It’s (It is)yellow. (它是)黄色的。 2) What color are the keys? 这些钥匙是什么颜色的? They’re (They are) red.. (它们)是红色的。
3. It’s black and white. 它是黑白相间色。
注意:英语句子的书写,句子开头的第一个单词的第一个字母要大写,单词与单词之间要有适当的距离,一般为放入一
个字母的空隙,句末要有标点符号,英语的句号是个实心圆点,而不是汉语中的小圆圈。
Starter1-3 练习题
一、在下面的四线格内写出26个字母的规范大小写并圈出5个元音字母。 二、按字母的读音补全下列字母的分类(大小写均写) 1.Aa Kk
2. Cc Ee Zz 3.Ff Ss 4.Ii _________
5. Uu 三、写出下了字母的左邻右舍
1. H 2. K 3. Q 4. V 5. X______ 6. g 7. J 8. m 9. q 10. s ________
四、将下列右栏答语前的字母序号填在左栏相应的问题前的括号内 ( )1. Good afternoon. A. I’m fine. ( )2. Sepll it, please. B. It’s yellow. ( )3. What’s this in English? C. Good afternoon. ( )4. How are you? D. Q-U-I-L-T. ( )5. What color is it? E. It’s a ruler. 五、互译下面的缩写
1. cm 2. 厕所 3. VIP 4. HB 6.UK 7. 联合国 8. 不明飞行物 9. 体育课 11. 光盘 12. BBC 13. 电视台 14.pm 六、选择题
1.早晨在校门口遇到同学时,应该怎样打招呼?
A.Good afternoon! B. Good morning! C.Good evening! 2.向别人介绍自己,你应该说:
A.Good morning. B.I’m Ben. C.What’s your name? 3.向别人介绍自己,你不可以说:
A.I’m Eva. B.Hello, Ben. C.My name is Joe. 4.-What is this English? -It’sgreen.
A.on B.in C.for 5.想知道对方名字时,你应该说:
A.I’m Amy. B.Hello. C.What’s your name? 6.- is your jacket? –It’s green.
A.What’s ; a B.What color ; a C.What color ; / 7.-What’s this? –It’s orange.
A.a B.an C./ 8.- is it?-It’s letter Y.
5. IQ 10. USA 15.kg D.See you. D.This is Frank. D.My name’s Jane. D.at D.What are you ? D.What’s color ; / D.the
A.What’s B.How C.What D.What color 八、根据中文写出单词,完成句子。
1. (我)am Alice. How are (你)? 2.This is an (橙子). It’s (橙色的)
3. (什么)is this in (英语)? It’s a (钥匙). 4.What (颜色)is it? It’s (绿色的) 5.The jacket is black (和)white.
九、将下列右栏中的颜色前的字母序号填写在左栏的相应事物前的括号内 ( ) 1.tree A.white ( ) 2.sky B.yellow ( ) 3.strawberry C.blue ( ) 4.snow D.green ( ) 5.key E.red 十、根据要求改写句子。
1. 他是我的好朋友。(翻译) _____________________________________________________________ 2. She is a teacher.(改为一般疑问句)_________________________________________________________ 3. They are Chinese.(改为否定句)____________________________________________________________ 4. Tom _________(like) playing football.
5. His brother ________ (go) to school every morning.
6. My sister can play the piano.(改为一般疑问句)________________________________________________ 7. 她是一个漂亮的女孩。(翻译)___________________________________________________________ 8. 桌子上有一本书。(翻译)_______________________________________________________________ 9. 我有三本红色的书。(翻译)_____________________________________________________________ 10. 盒子里有五只笔。(翻译)______________________________________________________________ 11. She comes from Chongqing.(同义句转换)___________________________________________________ 12. I’m Lily.(同义句转换)________________________________________________________________ 13. I usually get up at seven o’clock.(对划线部分提问)__________________________________________ 14. Tom lives in a small village. (对划线部分提问)_____________________________________________ 15. His bag is blue. (对划线部分提问)_______________________________________________________
智慧小百科
1.Success belongs to the persevering.坚持就是胜利。
2.Such beginning, such ending.又怎样的开始,就有怎样的结束。 3.A bad beginning makes a bad ending.不善使者不善终。
4.All roads lead to Rome.条条大路通罗马。
5.A book that remains shut is but a bock.有书闭卷不阅读,无异是一块木头。
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