专题限时集训(九) 主旨大意·概括全文主题和段落大意
A (2021·湖南省六校联考)
It was an amazing feeling to be acknowledged for the Pride of Britain award at No.10 Downing Street.
The last thing you expect when doing something as ordinary as picking your son up from a sleepover is to end up saving three people's lives in a plane crash—but that's exactly what happened to me in May this year.
I think I was acting unconsciously.I jumped out，leaving Giacomo in the car.
The plane was upside down and flames were coming out of the driver's seat and I could hear screaming.I think there must have been roughly half a minute between getting the first and last person out.Then another guy—who turned out to be Joel Snarr—arrived on the scene to help at just the right time.I don't think I'd have been able to get the pilot out—he was a big guy.There is no way he would have survived if Joel hadn't been there.I could tell straight away Joel had a military background by how he conducted himself.We'd just got all three of them to a safe distance when the aircraft was completely swallowed by the flames.
Giacomo and I stared at each other，almost laughing in relief.
The emergency services arrived pretty quickly，and we were at the scene for a
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couple of hours while they dealt with the fire and cleared the roads.Afterwards I spoke to the family，and that was the first time the emotion of the whole thing hit me.I kept randomly bursting into tears.
Thankfully，Stuart Moore，the pilot，and his nephew and niece Jack Moore，19，and Billie Manley，16，have all since made a full recovery.Jack and Billie were suffering a lot more than I was.Although they were safe，the memory of being inside that burning plane would have been more of an emotional scar.
【语篇解读】 本文为一篇记叙文。该文主要讲的是作者经历了惊心动魄的救人事件，这让他获得了英国骄傲奖。
1.What do we know about the author？
A．He prided himself on being helpful.
B．He regretted having saved the family.
C．He was overcome by fear and despair then.
D．He was well equipped with firstaid knowledge.
A [细节理解题。根据题目定位到第一段，结合下文作者在飞机失事后救了三个人可知，他为自己乐于助人而自豪，故A项正确。]
2.What is the fourth paragraph mainly about？
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A．Joel Snarr's character.
B．The importance of teamwork.
C．The rescue process.
D．An investigation of the air crash.
C [段落大意题。根据题目定位到第四段，通读该段可知，该段主要讲的是作者和Joel Snarr在飞机失事后救出三个人的过程，故C项正确。]
3.Why did the author and Giacomo almost laugh in relief？
A．It was a narrow escape.
B．They both appreciated Joel's help.
C．They both survived the crashing plane.
D．The emergency services arrived in time.
A [推理判断题。根据题干中的“almost laugh in relief”定位到第五段，结合第四段内容可推知，作者刚刚经历了惊心动魄的营救过程，终于在飞机被火焰完全吞噬前救出了全部的人，所以此刻才会和Giacomo一起几乎如释重负地笑，“a narrow escape”意为“死里逃生”，故A项正确。]
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4.What is the best title for the text？
A．An Unforgettable Award
B．A Crashing Plane
C．A Thrilling Rescue
D．An Exciting Experience
C [标题归纳题。文章第一、二段引出主题——作者在飞机失事后救了三个人，其后的段落围绕具体的营救过程和事故的其他方面展开，故C项最适合作本文的标题。]
B (2021·潍坊市统一考试)
The Assassin's Creed series has been about building immersive(沉浸式的) and accurate historical worlds.As their newest game releases Assassin's Creed Origins，they have also released their Discovery Tours.These tours give players a chance to walk the streets of ancient Egypt，explore Alexandria and the pyramids，and learn about wildlife and geography.For students，experiencing the ancient world in this interactive way can be more interesting and effective than just reading a textbook or watching a documentary about what they are studying.
Assassin's Creed is not the only game series that can be educational
either.What is important about the role of historical games is the level of choice.When watching a film，students are passive receivers of the
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content.However，when playing a game students have an active role to play in history.A focus on choices and consequences is an important element of teaching and understanding history，so historical games can be a valuable teaching tool even if they aren't completely historically accurate.They have the power to immerse students in faraway world and allow them to think critically about the cause and consequence，think about why historical events unfolded in the way they did，and even think about possible alternative outcomes.All of these are critical for historical thinking processes.No longer do students need to rely only on reading textbooks or on instructors for knowledge.
When carrying this out in your class，remember that not all students enjoy playing video games，but they can still be a valuable learning tool.The instructor also needs to be an active facilitator and take note of teachable moments.A video game is not going to teach a class；it requires an awesome instructor to make everything come together.With the power of video games，ancient worlds no longer need to be limited to the pages of a textbook.
【语篇解读】 本文为一篇说明文。文章介绍了对学生来说《刺客信条》游戏通过创设沉浸式历史场景使历史学习更有趣、更高效。老师作为课堂的组织者，也应该发挥积极的作用，引导学生更好地利用游戏学习。
5.What does the underlined phrase “this interactive way” in Paragraph 1 refer to？
A．Walking an ancient street.
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B．Playing a new game.
C．Reading a textbook.
D．Watching a documentary.
B [语意猜测题。结合第一段中的“These tours give players a chance to walk the streets of ancient Egypt， explore Alexandria and the pyramids， and learn about wildlife and geography.”可知，这种交互的方式指的就是玩新游戏，故B项正确。]
6.What does Paragraph 2 mainly tell us abut Assassin's Creed？
A．Why it is different from the film.
B．Why it gains popularity.
C．How it benefits teaching.
D．How it came into being.
C [段落大意题。根据第二段内容尤其是“historical games can be a valuable teaching tool”和最后一句可知，本段主要讲的是《刺客信条》游戏给教学带来的好处，故C项正确。]
7.Who plays a core role in gameaided teaching？
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A．The teachers. B．The players.
C．The designers. D．The audiences.
A [推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“The instructor also needs to be an active facilitator and take note of teachable moments... it requires an awesome instructor to make everything come together.”可知，教师应在游戏辅助的教学中发挥核心作用，故A项正确。]
8.What's the key message of this text？
A．A vivid description of ancient architecture.
B．An account of a new history learning method.
C．A detailed explanation of a social problem.
D．An online advertisement of a stylish trend.
B [主旨大意题。根据全文内容尤其是最后一段中的“With the power of video games， ancient worlds no longer need to be limited to the pages of a textbook.”可知，本文主要讲的是一种新的历史学习方法——通过游戏学习历史，故B项正确。]
C (2021·辽宁省六校协作体模拟)
We've known that sitting for long periods of time every day has countless
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health consequences，like a higher risk of heart disease.But now a new study has found that sitting is also bad for your brain.
A study conducted by Dr.Prabha Siddarth at the University of California，showed that sedentary(久坐不动的) behavior is associated with reduced thickness of the medial temporal lobe(中颞叶)，a brain area that is critical to learning and memory.
The researchers asked a group of 35 healthy people，aged 45 to 70，about their activity levels and the average number of hours each day spent sitting and then scanned their brains.They found that the subjects who reported sitting for longer periods had the thinnest medial temporal lobes.It means that the more time you spend in a chair，the worse it is for your brain health，resulting in possible damage to learning and memory.
What is also interesting is that this study did not find a significant association between the level of physical activity and thickness of this brain area，suggesting that exercise，even severe exercise，may not be enough to protect you from the harmful effects of sitting.
It then surprisingly turned out that you don't even have to move much to enhance cognition；just standing will do the trick.For example，two groups of subjects were asked to complete a test while either sitting or standing.Participants were presented with conflicting stimuli(刺激)，like the word “green” in blue ink，and asked to name the color.Subjects thinking on their feet beat those who sat by
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a 3millisecond margin．
The cognitive effects of severe physical exercise are well known.But the possibility that standing more and sitting less improves brain health could lower the standard for everyone.
I know，this all runs counter to received ideas about deep thought，from our grade school teachers，who told us to sit down and focus，to Rodin's famous “The Thinker”，seated with the chin on his hand.
They were wrong.You can now all stand up.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项研究发现，即久坐不动对大脑健康有伤害，而站立却可以通过提高大脑认知能力来让我们的大脑变得更健康。
9.What can we know from Paragraph 3 and Paragraph 4？
A．Severe exercise can lessen the damage of sitting.
B．Severe exercise can greatly improve our brain health.
C．Sedentary behavior will possibly damage our brain.
D．Brain health has nothing to do with sedentary behavior.
C [细节理解题。第三段讲到你在椅子上待的时间越长，对你的大脑健康越不利，可
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能会对学习和记忆造成损害。第四段讲到即使是剧烈的锻炼，可能也不足以让你免受久坐的有害影响，由此可知，C项正确。]
10.What does the underlined word “margin” in Paragraph 5 mean？
A．Blank. B．Edge.
C．Decrease. D．Difference.
D [词义猜测题。画线词所在的第五段主题句为段首句，意为“结果令人惊讶的是，你甚至不需要多动就能提高认知能力；只要站着就行了。”紧接着作者用了一个实验来佐证该论点，实验结果是站着的人以3毫秒的差额赢了坐着的人，因此推断画线词意为“差额”，故D项“Difference(差额)”正确。]
11.What is the received idea about deep thought？
A．Sitting more is good for our mental health.
B．Sitting is better when we think.
C．More exercise can improve our cognition.
D．We should stand while thinking.
B [细节理解题。根据题干中的“received idea about deep thought”定位到文章倒数第二段，由倒数第二段内容可知“我们的小学老师告诉我们要坐下来集中注意力，罗
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丹著名的作品《思考者》则手托下巴坐着”，故B 项正确。]
12.The passage mainly tell us ________．
A．people tend to sit while thinking
B．standing more can make our brain healthier
C．physical exercise can improve our brain health
D．sedentary behavior leads to countless health problems
B [主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了一项研究发现，即久坐不动对大脑健康有伤害，而站立却可以通过提高大脑认知能力来让我们的大脑变得更健康，故B项正确。]
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