阅读专项训练

中考阅读专项训练

一．中考阅读理解的考点

1.文章的话题—略读文章，领会文章大意的题。 2.文章的中心题—归纳，概括的能力。

3.文章的细节—扫读或细读文章，以获得某些特地信息或准确的寻找所需细节的能力。 4.文章的寓意，结论-领会作者的言外之意或推断出文章的结论。 5.生词词意，猜词—对生词词意的判断能力。 二.中考阅读理解考察的文体

1.记叙文—抓住人物，地点，时间，情节发展线索。

2.说明文—要以事物为中心进行思考。抓住事物的特征，用途，相互关系等。 三．解题思路与技巧

1.快速浏览全文，掌握大意。 2.仔细审题，分析比较选项 。

3.带着问题复读，捕捉关键信息，解答问题。

4.再读全文，核对答案。 四.阅读理解题型及解题技巧

从近几年的中考阅读理解情况看，短文体裁多样，题材各异，文章涉及科学知识、社会文化、政治历史、人文环境和日常生活等方面，充分体现其时代性、实用性。短文难度逐年加大。常见题型有主旨题、细节题、推断题、猜测词义题和正误判断题。

做阅读理解练习应先看问题，弄清考点。在阅读短文之前，快速浏览问题，以便在阅读短文时做到心中有数，快速、准确地捕捉所要信息。先易后难。做题时不必拘泥于书中所呈现的语篇顺序，应遵循先易后难的原则。如可先做细节题再做推断题，因为细节题大多能直接从文中找到答案，而推断题则需对短文进行深层理解，再作判断。 (一)主旨题

主旨题主要考查学生对短文中心思想或作者意图的掌握。做此类题时，应通读全文，理解文章大意，充分理解主题句的意义。短文往往围绕主题句展开，主题句通常出现在短文第一句或最后一句。 (二)细节题

细节题是用来进一步表达主题，体现中心思想的，往往针对短文某个细节来设题。做此类题时，应快速捕捉信息，可能是一些事例、数字等，阅读时要有针对性。 (三)推断题

推断题就是根据某个事实推断结论，主要考查学生的理解力和推断力。这类推断通常包括：数据事实推断、常识推断以及作者的写作目的、态度和倾向等的推断。做此类题时，应根据短文中的相关语句，对与事实有关的细节加以分析，找出线索，悟出字里行间的意思，反复比较，从而作出合乎逻辑的判断。 (四)猜测词义题

猜测词义题主要考查学生根据上下文正确判断灵活变化的词义能力。一般情况下，推断词义的题目中所出现的单词，大多数是学生未曾见过的生词，学生需要在该词出现的上下文中去寻找线索。通过阅读上下文，断定该词的真正含义，然后将这个释义代入文中，检查是否贴切，仔细比较直到得出该词的确切的含义。 1.通过因果关系猜词

通过因果关系猜词，首先是找出生词与上下文之间的逻辑关系，然后才能猜词。有时文章借助关联词(如because，as，since，for，so，thus，as a result，of course，therefore等等)表示前因后果。例如：

You shouldn't have blamed him for that，for it wasn't his fault.通过for引出的句子所表示的原因(那不是他的错)，可猜出blame的词义是\"责备\"。 2.通过同义词和反义词的关系猜词

通过同义词猜词，一是要看由and或or连接的同义词词组，如happy and gay，即使我们不认识gay这个词，也可以知道它是愉快的意思；二是看在进一步解释的过程中使用的同义词，如Man has known something about the planets Venus，Mars，and Jupiter with the help of spaceships.此句中的Venus(金星)、Mars(火星)、Jupiter(木星)均为生词，但只要知道planets就可猜出这几个词都属于\"行星\"这一义域。通过反义词猜词，一是看表转折关系的连词或副词，如but，while，however等;二是看与not搭配的或表示否定意义的词语，如：He is so homely，not at all as handsome as his brother.根据not at all...handsome我们不难推测出homely的意思，即不英俊、不漂亮的意思。 3.通过构词法猜词

在阅读文章时，我们总会遇上一些新词汇，有时很难根据上下文来推断其词意，而它们对文章的理解又有着举足轻重的作用，此时，如掌握了一些常用的词根、前缀、后缀等语法知识，这些问题便不难解决了。 4.通过定义或释义关系来推测词义

例如：But sometimes，no rain falls for a long，long time. Then there is a dry period，or drought.

从drought所在句子的上文我们得知很久不下雨，于是便有一段干旱的时期，即drought，由此可见drought意思为\"久旱\"，\"旱灾\"。而a dry period和drought是同义语。这种同义或释义关系常由is，or，that is，in other words，be called或破折号等来表示。 5.通过句法功能来推测词义

例如：Bananas，oranges，pineapples，coconuts and some other kind of fruit grow in warm areas.假如pineapples和coconuts是生词，我们可以从这两个词在句中所处的位置来判断它们大致的意思。从句中不难看出pineapples，coconuts和bananas，oranges是同类关系，同属fruit类，因此它们是两样水果，准确地说，是菠萝和椰子。 1

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6.通过描述猜词

描述即作者为帮助读者更深更感性地了解某人或某物而对该人或该物作出的外在相貌或内在特征的描写。例如：The penguin is a kind of sea bird living in the South Pole. It is fat and walks in a funny way. Although it cannot fly，it can swim in the icy water to catch the fish.从例句的描述中可以得知penguin是一种生活在南极的鸟类。后面更详尽地描述了该鸟类的生活习性。

练习：2015年真题阅读理解（共15小题；共30.0分）

A

We spend hours, days and years of our lives in education. But how perfect do you think your school is? Imagine you could design(设计) your ideal(理想的) school. What would it be like? We wanted to find out what teenagers around the world thought. Here is some designing from four children of different countries. Ma, China My dream school would have an Olympic-size swimming pool, two football pitches and a golf course. It would also have a cinema, a gym, a restaurant and a shopping centre. My school has none of these and I think there should be more enjoyable things for pupils to do while they are studying. Sonia, Italy l'd like a room where we can go and relax and play computer games and chat with friends. Some older pupils in the school have this but I think there should be a place for everyone to go when they want to switch off (转换注意力) from the lessons. Richard, USA I think it would be great to have a day off every week, as well as the weekend. If that day was a Friday or a Monday, we would have a long weekend every week. What fun! I also think school should start later, at about 10 o'clock, and finish earlier. We spend a lot of time at school doing nothing at all. I'm sure we could learn just as much in fewer hours. Rebecca, Australia My dream school would be big and roomy with a computer for every person in the school. I'd also like to have a music room where we can just go and play instruments when we want. We need a recording studio, too. I hope that teachers can respect(尊重) our opinions. 31. Ma thinks his dream school should provide for students. A. more enjoyable things B. a comfortable computer room C. a place to switch off from the lessons

32. Sonia thinks students should share a room where they can . A. play sports B. play instruments C. play computer games 33. Richard wants to have off every week. A. two days B. three days C. four days 34. Rebecca may like according to the passage. A. playing music B. chatting with friends C. doing some shopping

35. We can infer(推断) that in the four children's opinion, the ideal school should be a place where . A. students can learn more knowledge B. students can get on well with their teachers C. students' wishes and interests can be respected

B

Let's suppose it is a common day of 2060. Of course, things have changed and life is very different.

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Trips to the moon are being made every day. Taking a holiday on the moon today is as easy as taking a holiday in Europe in the 2010s. At a number of scenery spot (风景胜地) on the moon, many hotels have been built. In order that everyone can enjoy the beautiful scenery on the moon, every room has at least one picture window. Everything imaginable is provided for entertainment of the young and old.

What are people eating now? People are still eating food. But many foods now come in pill(药片) form, and the food that goes into the pill comes mainly from green plants.

Because people in the world today are many more than those about fifty years ago, most of the earth's surface has to be filled. The deserts are irrigated with water and crops are no longer eaten by pets(害虫). The harvest is always good.

Farming, of course, is very highly developed. Very few people have to work on the farm. It is possible to run the farm by just using a few computers.

People are now largely vegetarians, and they eat only bread, vegetables, fruit and so on and they don't eat meat or fish. You see, as the number of people increases, the number of animals decreases. So people have to be vegetarians. We are healthier both in our bodies and in our minds, and we know how to deal with all kinds of illnesses. No one has to be ill any more. Such would be our life in 2060.

36. What will be on the moon in 2060 according to the passage? A. Many green plants. B. Many wild animals. C. Many interesting places. 37. What's the meaning of the underlined word \"irrigated\"? A. 冲刷 B. 灌溉 C. 淹没 38. Which of the following is TRUE? A. People only eat foods in pill form. B. People don't have plenty of crops. C. People run the farms by using high technology. 39. Why do people have to be vegetarians in 2060? A. Because they want to be healthier. B. Because vegetables can make the patients well. C. Because there will be more people and fewer animals. 40. What attitude(态度) does the writer have about the future life? A. He feels pretty hopeful about the future. B. He is not very satisfied with some things of the future. C. He seems really sad about what is happening in the future.

C

Old Dawson had the best apples in town, but kids knew they mustn't go into his yard to pick a delicious apple, even off the ground, because Dawson, a bad-tempered(坏脾气的) man, they said, would come after you with his gun.

One Friday, 12-year-old Janet was going to stay all night with her friend Amy. They had to walk by Dawson's house on the way to Amy's house. Like most of the children, Janet was scared of the old man because of the stories she'd heard about him.

Amy said that Mr. Dawson wouldn't hurt anyone. Still, Janet was growing more nervous with each step closer to the old man's house. When they got close enough, Dawson looked up with his usual frown(皱眉), but when he saw it was Amy, a big smile changed his whole face as he said, \"Hello, Miss Amy. I see you've got a little friend with you today.\"

Amy smiled back and told him Janet was staying overnight and they were going to listen to music and play games. Dawson told them that sounded fun, and offered them each a fresh picked apple off his tree.

As they walked on, Janet asked Amy, \"Everyone says he's the meanest man in town. Why was he so nice to us?\"

Amy explained that when she first started walking past his house, he wasn't very friendly and she was afraid of him, but she always smiled at him. It took a while, but one day he half-smiled back at her.

After some more time, he started smiling real smiles and then started talking to her. Just he always offers her an apple now, and is always very kind.

We're always trying to achieve so much, and it's so easy to get caught up in (被卷入;陷入) everyday life that we forget we can bring cheer to ourselves and others simply. Giving a smile takes so little effort; let's smile to others. 41. Kids were afraid of Dawson because . A. he disliked children B. he was a bad-tempered man C. he always took a gun with him

42. On that day, when Old Dawson saw Amy getting close to his house, he was . A. very mad B. quite happy C. really scared 43. From the passage, we can know that . A. Amy wasn't afraid of Dawson before B. Janet never heard about the stories of Dowson C. Dawson offered each of the two children an apple that day

44. The underlined sentence \"he started smiling real smiles\" means \"Mr. Dawson \". A. got to like Amy's smile day by day B. didn't know how to smile until he met Amy 3

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C. started to accept Amy as a true friend with real feeling 45. The best title for the passage may be . A. Smile Brings a Big Success B. Smile Improves the Relationship C. Smile Changes the Environment

练习：2014年真题阅读理解（共15小题；共30.0分） （A）

Are you bored with your daily routine? Here are some things you should try before you are 18, because after that it's too late! Learn to swim

Actually this is so important it could save your life. If you can't swim well, you won't be able to do water sports like water skiing , surfing and diving. Even taking a boat trip will safe for you. Make sure you do it. Collect something

One of the best hobbies for under-18s is collecting things. You could collect Chinese stamps, or you could collect things that make you remember what you've done, like cinema tickets for films. The best way to collect is to have a special album to put your collection in and to write what each thing means to you.That way you won't forget. Try at least one kind of team sport

Being a good team player is an important skill in life. You can't just think of yourself, but have to work with other people. Other advantages of team sports like basketball, foot-ball and baseball are that they keep you fit and healthy, and they are also great fun. Teams usually have a good social life too — you'll go to lots of parties and make many friends. Write your family tree

When you are young, get to know all the older people in your family and find out as much as you can about when they were young. Draw a family tree and make notes about each person so that you won't forget. ( )46. According to the passage, we should learn to swim because it could _____________. A. save our lives B. keep us fit and healthy C. make us work well with others ( )47. The best way to collect thing is __________.

A. to have a special album B. to buy more stamps and tickets C. to exchange them with your friends

( )48. Being a good team player can help you ________.

A. think of yourself B. have a good social skill C. become a ball game star ( )49. In order not to forget the order people in your family, you should __________. A. go to lots of family parties B. find something that they used C. draw a family tree and make notes

( )50. The passage mainly tells us that ________. A. hobbies play an important role in everyone's growth B. you are supposed to try some things before you're 18

C. everyone should get into good habits when they are young

(B)

In 2002, I wrote a letter for my future self with instructions not to open until my birthday in 2014. It is 2014 now. Yesterday was my birthday and I opened it. This is what it said: Dear Sherri,

By the time you read this, you will be30. At the age of 18 I had many dreams about you. Right now I hope you have traveled and seen everything you've always wanted to. both in Canada and abroad, maybe you have even settle down somewhere in France, and maybe you are working in the field of art. I hope you're married to Gwynn — the man of your dreams. You'll probably have two children — a girl and a boy.

If everything goes okay, you'll be living in France in a big house in a small town with Gwynn and your two children. You are doing research in painting. Gwynn will be a computer programmer and you will be doing all right for yourselves. However, if things don't go according to plan, I wish you love , happiness and joy. Love

Sherri “18”

When I read this, I was surprised. So much of what I wanted has come true.

I did travel to a few more places in Canada. I've traveled to the UK, Australia and Egypt. I have been living in France for nearly 4 years in a big house, in a small suburb(郊区), in a major city. I am an art teacher in a university. I have two lovely kids.

But not everything went as what I hoped. I married a man named Tom Rees, and he is an excellent artist. We are doing all right for ourselves.

I find it cool how the dreams of a young girl can become a grown woman's reality(现实). ( )51. How long did Sherri wait to open the letter?

A. For 12 years. B. For 18 years. C. For 30 years.

( )52. What does the underlined phrase\"settled down\" mean in Chinese? A.参观 B.旅行 C.定居 4

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( )53. Among her dreams, which one did NOT come true? A.To work in the field of art. B. To be a mother of two kids.

C. To marry a computer programmer.

( )54. What can we infer(推断) from the passage? A. She plans to move to the UK later. B. She enjoys the life with her family now.

C. She loses hope because not everything goes well. ( )55. What is the best title for this passage?

A. Dream on the Way B. Dream and Reality C. How to Achieve Your Dream

（C）

What does it mean to be green? \"Green\" is more than just a color. It also means taking special steps to protect the environment — the water, the land, and the air we breathe. Why green? Plants are green, and without them the earth wouldn't be such a lovely home for us human beings.

Sometimes people call ours a \"throwaway society\". That means we are always throwing away old things and buying new ones. Many times, if you no longer need something, someone else just might need it. For example , if your brother is old enough not to play with his plastic bike, why not give it to another family who has a little kid so that they don't need to buy one? And one less large plastic toy doesn't need to be produced.

Recycling(回收利用) has never been easier. Many organization will pick it up right in front of your house and some towns even require(要求) it. Tell your mom or dad you want to become\"Chief of Make sure you encourage everyone in your house to think whether things can be reused or recycled before they're thrown away.

Almost everyone likes traveling. But next time before you travel around the world, take a look at your own backyard. Is there a place where you could plant a tree or put in a little fruit or vegetable garden? If so, get there and get your hands dirty. Then you can watch with pride as your tree takes root, and your garden plants grow into big plants full of ripe, red tomatoes of tiny, juicy blueberries. Who knew being green would taste so good?

( )56. In the first paragraph, the writer introduces the topic of the passage by __________ . A. telling an interesting story B. explaining the word \"green\" C. giving some special examples

( )57. In a \"throwaway\"society, _________ . A. people shouldn't produce any plastic things B. people can get anything they want from others

C. people always throw away the used things and buy new ones ( )58. To be \"Chief of Recycling\A. recycle things all by yourself

B. ask your family to use the old things all the time C. find a place to keep the things that can be recycled

( )59. You are advised to run a fruit or vegetable garden in order to __________. A. create a green environment B. make a lot of money C. get your hands dirty

( )60. The purpose of the passage is to tell us that __________. A. we must enjoy the nature

B. we had better eat more green food C. we should protect our environment

VII. 阅读理解（二）（每小题2分，共10分）

阅读下面图文，简要回答所给问题，并将答案写在答题卡相应的位置上。

World Book Day falls on April 23 every year. It was set up by the UNESCO(联合国教科文组织)in 1955 to encourage people to discover the pleasure of reading. It means your teachers or parents tell you to do so.\"Reading for pleasure\" plays a more important role in one's growth than one's family background.

Books, magazines, newspapers and other kinds of materials can help us know more about the outside world and perfect us.

However, computer games, online videos and Internet are pushing books off the shelf. Some experts believe it's a worrying trend(趋势). Each Chinese read 0.38 more books in 2013 than2012 but still far fewer than those in major developed countries. Even worse, many bookstores have closed their doors because many book lovers starts to buy fewer books than before.

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However, many people do still prefer reading because it has been part of their life. It can benefit(使受益) people in many

ways. It gives us information about other countries and places of the world. It also has a strong influence on forming our personality and makes us more intelligent. The more we read,the more we know. The more we know, the smarter we become. It's never too late to start reading. So jump into the wonderful world of books now !

71. In which of the countries does each person read more than 15 books in a year?

__________________________________________________________________________ 72. Why did people set up World Book Day?

__________________________________________________________________________ 73. What are the experts worrying about?

__________________________________________________________________________ 74. Is it right that each Chinese read 0.38 more books in 2012 than 2011? If not, what's the result? __________________________________________________________________________ 75. How many books did you read in 2013 ? What do you think of reading?

__________________________________________________________________________

练习：2013年真题阅读理解（共15小题；共30.0分） （B）

Donald was not very good at math. He couldn‟t understand the teacher‟s explanations. Even when the teacher explained something a second time, Donald Still couldn‟t understand it.

“Never mind.” Donald told himse1f, “I‟m quite good at other subjects. I‟ll cheat in the math exam to get a good grade, then I won‟t be in trouble. ”

“I‟ll sit next to the boy who does best in math,” he thought, “and copy down this answers.”

The day of the exam came, and Donald sat next to Tommy, who was always at the top of the class in math. Donald carefully copied Tommy‟s answers onto his own exam paper. At the end the exam, the teacher collected the papers and graded them in time. Then she said, “well, boys and girls, I‟ve decided to give a prize to the student who got the highest grade. It‟s difficult for me to decide who I‟ll give the prize to one of them.”

The students were surprised when they heard this. They said, “That‟s not fair. They got the same grade.”

“That‟s true.” the teacher said, “However, Tommy‟s answer to Question 18 was „I don‟t know‟ while Dona1d‟s was „Neither do I ‟ .”

( ) 51. Donald wanted to cheat because .

A. he didn‟t do well in any subjects B. his teacher didn‟t explain things well C. he wanted to get a good grade in math ( ) 52. Donald during the exam.

A. sat behind Tommy B. copied from Tommy C. asked the teacher for help ( ) 53. The students were surprised because .

A. they thought the teacher unfair B. Donald did as well as Tommy C. the teacher would give them a prize

( ) 54. The teacher decided to give the prize to .

A. Tommy B. Donald C. both Tommy and Donald ( ) 55. We can infer〈推断) .

A. Donald may study hard at math B. the teacher may criticize Donald C. Tommy may share the prize with other students

(C)

You have waited 45 minutes for the valuable 10 minutes‟ break. But when the bell for the next class rings, you can‟t believe how quickly time has passed. If you have this experience, you‟ll know how time flies when you are having fun and drags when you are bored. Now scientists have come up with a reason why this happens.

They have found that the brain changes its way to work according to how we direct our attention to a task. When we are bored,

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we pay more attention to how time is passing. And this makes our brains think the clock is ticking more slowly.

Recently some researchers who went to understand the conditions carried out an experiment. In the experiment, twelve volunteers watched a picture while researchers monitored( 关注) their brain activity.

The volunteers were told to first notice how long a picture appeared, then the color of the picture, and third1y, study the both. The results showed that the brain was more active when the vo1unteers paid attention to more subjects.

It is thought that if the brain is busy noticing many aspect(方面) of a task, it has to spread its resources, and pays less attention to the clock. Therefore, time seems to go quickly. If the brain is not so active, it spends its full energy on the passing of time. As a result, time seems to move slowly.

( ) 56. What does the underlined word “drags” probably mean? A. passes slowly B. runs quickly C. moves actively ( ) 57. What have the scientists found?

A. Time goes by fast when we have nothing to do. B. The ten minutes‟ break is important to students.

C. The brain works in different ways in different situations. ( ) 58. How did the researchers do the experiment? A. By inviting the volunteers to have a long class.

B. By asking the volunteers to pay attention to a clock.

C. By monitoring brain activity while volunteers are watching a picture. ( ) 59. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A. We will be full of energy if we‟re busy.

B. Concentrating on things is a way to make people less bored.

C. Time goes slowly when the brain is noticing many things at the same time. ( ) 60. Which is the best title of the passage?

A. The best way to save time. B. The importance of planning time

C. The reason for time flying and dragging. Ⅶ．阅读理解(二)(每小题2分，共10分)

阅读下面短文，简要回答所给问题，并将答案写在相应的位置上。

Sometimes people come into your life and you know that they are there to teach you a lesson, or to help you understand who you are or who you want to become.

You never know these people who may be a classmate, a neighbour or a friend—but when you lock your eyes on them, you know at that very moment they will influence your life in some ways.

Sometimes things that happen to you may seem unpleasant, painful, or frustrating at first. But in another way, you find that without getting over those difficulties you would have never realized your ability, strength or will power(意志力).

The people you meet and the success you get help to create who you are and who you become. Even the bad experiences can be learned from. In fact, they are sometimes the most important ones.

If someone loves you, give love back to them in the way you can, not only because they love you, but because in a way, they are teaching you to love and how to open your heart and eyes to things.

If someone hurts you, or breaks your heart, forgive(原谅) them, for they have helped you learn about trust and the importance of being careful of people around.

Self-confidence is necessary to a person. If you‟re not confident，it will be hard for others to believe in you. Learn a lesson in life each day you live! 71. Who can influence your life in some ways?

__________________________________________________ 72. Are unpleasant things good for you?

___________________________________________________ 73. Why are bad experiences very important to you?

___________________________________________________ 74. What should you do if somebody hurts you?

____________________________________________________ 75. What does the writer try to tell us?

____________________________________________________

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