主语（Subject）
是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首，但在there be 结构、疑问句（当主语不是疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如：
1. During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular. （名词） 2. We often speak English in class. (代词) 3. One-third of the students in this class are girls. （数词） 4. To swim in the river is a great pleasure. （不定式） 5. Smoking does harm to the health. （动名词） 6. The rich should help the poor. （名词化形容词） 7. When we are going to have an English test has not been decided. （主语从句） 8. It is necessary to master a foreign language. (it作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式)
谓语(Predicate)
谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。谓语的结构如下： 1. 简单谓语。由一个动词或动词短语构成： He practices running every morning. The plan took off at ten o’clock. 2. 复合谓语：
（1） 由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形或过去分词构成。
如：
You may keep the books for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. (2) 由系动词加表语构成。如： We are students.
宾语(Object)
表示动作的对象或承受者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。例如：
1. They went to see an exhibition yesterday. （名词）
2. The heavy rain prevented me（间宾） from coming to school （直宾）on time.
（代词）（动名词） 3. How many dictionaries do you have? （名词） I have five.（数词）
4. He wants to see a movie. （不定式）
5. The helped the old （名词化形容词，间）with their housework （名词，直）yesterday.
6. I enjoy listening to pop music. （动名词短语）
7. I think (that) he is fit for his office. （宾语从句） 宾语种类： 双宾语
（间接宾语+直接宾语），双宾语由直接宾语和间接宾语组成。直接宾语
是谓语动词的承受者，间接宾语表示谓语动作的方向（对谁做）或动作的目标（为谁做），间接宾语紧接在谓语动词后，但它不能单独存在。它和直接宾语组成双宾语。
1. 例如：
Lend me （间）your dictionary,（直） please.
2. 复合宾语. 在英语中，有些动词接了一个宾语后句子意思仍不完整，还需
要再加上一个词或短语放在宾语之后来补充说明其身份、特征、状态或所做的动作，这种“宾语+宾语补足语”结构称为复合宾语.
We call him Jack.
表语(Predicative)
用以说明主语的性质，特征，状态与身份，它一般位于系动词（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、数词、副词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语及表语从句表示。例如：
1. Our teacher of English is an American. (名词) 2. Is it yours? （代词）
3. The weather has turned cold. （形容词） 4. The speech is exciting. （分词）
5. Three times seven is twenty-one. （数词） 6. His job is to teach English. （不定式） 7. His hobby is playing football. （动名词） 8. The meeting is of great importance. （介词短语） 9. Time is up. The class is over. （副词）
10. The truth is that he has never been abroad. （表语从句）
宾语补足语(Object Complement)
英语有些及物动词，除了一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补足语，才能使句子的意义完整。某些及物动词（如make等+宾语+宾补）。宾补由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。例如：
1. His father made him Dongming. （名词） 2. They paint their boat white. （形容词） 3. Let the fresh air in. （副词）
4. You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you. （不定式） 5. We saw her entering the room. （现在分词）
6. We found everything in the lab in good order. （介词短语） 7. We will soon make our city what your city is now. （从句）
定语（Attribute）
修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。定语可以由以下等成分表示。
1. Guilin is a beautiful city. （形容词）
2. China is a developing country; America is a developed country. （分词）
3. There are thirty women teachers in our school. （名词） 4. His rapid progress in English made us surprised. 5. Our monitor is always the first to enter the class room. （不定式短语）
6. The teaching plan for next term has been worked out. （动名词） 7. He is reading an article about how to learn English. （介词短语） 8. Farmers who saw us stared at us as if we are walking skeletons.（定语从句）
练习：
一、 找出下列句子的主语
1. Six times five makes thirty. （数词） 2. Neither of my parents is a doctor. （代词）
3. It usually takes me 15 minutes to get to school. （不定式） 4. What he said is not true. （主语从句）
5. That my father has come back from the United States makes us happy. （主语从句） 二、 找出下列句子的谓语
1. They are having a meeting now. （系动词加表语） 2. We do some reading in the morning. （简单谓语） 3. Have you finished your homework? （助动词加过去分词）
4. I will be free tomorrow afternoon. (助动词加动词原形)
三、找出下列句子的宾语。
1. I finished reading the book yesterday. （动名词短语） 2. The boy wants to have a rest. （不定式）
3. The teacher always says that we must study hard. （宾语从句）
4. Mother gave me some money this morning. （代词，名词）（双宾语）
5. Have you got it? （代词） 四、找出下列句子的表语。
The young man looks like a westerner. （介词短语）
What he said was that the sports meeting would be held next week. （表语从句）
That sounds a good idea. （名词）
The film we saw last night was very interesting. （形容词） Are you interested in history? （形容词） Our manager is upstairs now. （副词） 五、找出下列的宾语补足语。
1. They made Alice their monitor. （名词） 2. We found the front door broken. （形容词） 3. The funny story made us laugh with joy. （不定式） 4. Don’t leave them waiting for long. （分词） 5. Do you find English difficult? （形容词） 六、找出下列句子中的定语
1. There are a lot of people in the waiting room. (分词)
2. The boy who spoke at the meeting is from our class. （定语从句）
3. My mother has a lot of clothes to wash. （不定式） 4. Whose is the book under the desk? （介词短语） 5. Can you see the man downstairs. （形容词）